Cellular Organelles

Question 1

Plasma membrane components include ____

Answer 1

Dynamic phospholipid bilayer and glycocalyx

Question 2

What does the glycocalyx do?

Answer 2

It contributes to the quality of the ocular tear film on the cornea

Question 3

Why is the hydrophobic nature of the plasma membrane important?

Answer 3

It limits water soluble drug absorption (especially in the brain (THANKS TIGHT JUNCTIONS))

Question 4

6 functions of integral proteins

Answer 4

1. Channels
2. Enzymes
3. Linkers
4. Pumps
5. Receptors
6. Structural

Question 5

What do channels allow into the cell?

Answer 5

Water and smaller ions

Question 6

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 6

Digestion. (Typically the name of the enzyme indicates function!!)

Question 7

What do linkers do?

Answer 7

Anchor cytoskeleton to the ECM

Question 8

What is the function of pumps?

Answer 8

Transport large ions into the cell

Question 9

How do lipid soluble substances enter the cell?

Answer 9

Via passive transport

Question 10

What is the basis of passive transport?

Answer 10

Gradient based. Elements go from area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Question 11

How to ligand-gated channels open?

Answer 11

When a certain hormone binds to the channel

Question 12

How do mechanically gated channels open?

Answer 12

They respond to a change in the environment around them (like a change in pressure)

Question 13

How do voltage-gated channels open?

Answer 13

When there is a charge present that changes the polarization

Question 14

Required to force active transport

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

Into the cell

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

Out of the cell

Question 17

Constitutive pathway is ___

Answer 17

continuous

Question 18

How do hormones or neural stimuli leave the cell?

Answer 18

Via regulated secretion, a form of exocytosis

Question 19

SNARE proteins

Answer 19

form a complex like a dock to the membrane

Question 20

Botox

Answer 20

Prevents SNARE proteins formation

Question 21

Lysosomes

Answer 21

digest dying organelles or extracellular substances

Question 22

Tay Sachs Disease

Answer 22

disease that occurs when lysosomes fail to degrade products

Question 23

Proteasomes degrade:

Answer 23

Only proteins that have been tagged for degradation

Question 24

What organelles makes proteins

Answer 24

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes

Question 25

What dye will stain the Rough ER?

Answer 25

Hematoxylin

Question 26

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 26

is RNA transcribed from RNA

Question 27

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 27

mRNA converted to protein chain that code for a specific amino acit

Question 28

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 28

make up ribosomes

Question 29

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 29

To make proteins

Question 30

What is Dr. Brooks favorite color?

Answer 30

Blue

Question 31

What antibiotics classes is against subunit 30S?

Answer 31

Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines

Question 32

What antibiotics/antibiotic classes are against the 50S subunit?

Answer 32

Chloramphenicol, Erythromyclin, and Lincosamides (Lincomycin)

Question 33

buy AT 30, CELL at 50

Answer 33

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Lincosamides (Lincomycin)

Question 34

What cellular organelle functions with post-translational modifications and transport?

Answer 34

The golgi apparatus

Question 35

Function of Smooth ER?

Answer 35

sequesters/stores Ca2+ and detoxes the liver

Question 36

Function of mitochondria?

Answer 36

ATP synthesis

Question 37

What is stored in the membranes of the mitochondria?

Answer 37

Components and enzymes for energy generation

Question 38

Peroxisomes

Answer 38

break down hydrogen peroxide and helps detox the liver

Question 39

Microtubles

Answer 39

make up the mitotic spindle

Question 40

Greasy microtubles

Answer 40

Griseofulvin mechanism

Question 41

What is the Griseofulvin mechanism?

Answer 41

Anti-fungal that prevents fungal mitosis by affecting microtubules

Question 42

Centriole

Answer 42

mitotic spindle poles. Made of 9 microtubule triplets

Question 43

Actin

Answer 43

Locomotive cells, core of microvilli

Question 44

What happens if there is no actin in cells?

Answer 44

There will be no muscle movement

Question 45

Intermediate fillaments

Answer 45

Support and provide structure

Question 46

Where is glycogen located in the body?

Answer 46

The liver and striated muscles

Question 47

Location of hemosiderin

Answer 47

hemoglobin/iron remnants

Question 48

What is lipofuscin?

Answer 48

An aging pigment

Question 49

Ocular siderosis

Answer 49

iron deposits in the eye from a metallic foreign body