Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochemistry Block 1 > Cellular organelles > Flashcards

Cellular organelles Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is a sophisticated entity that can respond to a multitude of stimuli and changes its microenvironment?

A

THE CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is considered a system for the purification/isolation for a specific type of cell?

A

MAC SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In immunotherapy what type of cells are used ,since they contain antigens?

A

DENTRITIC CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which microscope is use to provide better clarity that reveals the cell interior?

A

The electron microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what structures are considered the functional building blocks of cells?

A

Membrane-enclosed organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To where do membrane receptors transmit signals ?

A

From the extracellular space into the CYTOPLASM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Depending on the cell type , the nucleus can range in ________ diameter?

A

2 to 20 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which membrane organelle contains most of the genetic information (chromosomes) and it is the major site of gene regulation?

A

NUCLEUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the specialized structure that package and order the DNA into structural units called NUCLEOSOMES?

A

HISTONES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 major families of histones?

A 
H1/H5
H2A
H2B
H3
H4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

H1/H5 are?

A

linker histones(locks DNA into place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the core histones?

A

H2A,H2B,H3,H4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A blue fluorescent DNA stain that exhibits (aprox)20 folds enhancement of fluorescence upon binding to AT regions of dsDNA is?

A

DAPI(4-6 DIAMIDINO-2-PHENYLINDOLE,DILACTATE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Each animal cell has a single nucleus except?

A

skeletal muscle and neutrophils,eosinophils and basophils which have granulocytes segmented nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PMN’S(polymorphonuclear cells family) are?

A

neutrophils,eosinophils and basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this type of cell is the most abundant , has the capability to phagocyte, engulf bacteria and has 3 or more lobes?

A

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

this type of cell has 2 lobes, has the capability of engulfing and destroys foreign cells, by releasing a specialized chemical that kills bacteria?

A

eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

this type of cell has more than one lobe, releases histamine at site of tissue injury and releases heparin?

A

basophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what provides structural support in the nuclear envelope?

A

LAMINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What provides a transport pathway between the cytoplasm and the nuclear interior?

A

NUCLEAR PORES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F
all the RNA transcripts that are produced in the nucleus must pass through nuclear pores to be translated in the cytoplasm?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the two types of chromatin?

A

Euchromatin and heterochromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which type of chromatin is loosely packed region which stains light and it is considered transcriptionally active chromatin?

A

EUCHROMATIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which type of chromatin is densely packed and stains dark and it is transcriptionally inactive?

A

HETEROCHROMATIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What provides support to the nuclear envelope and has nuclear reassembly ?
NUCLEAR LAMINA
26
which disease is characterized for a mutation in gene LAMIN A and causes premature aging?
PROGERIA
27
Where is the major site of protein synthesis?
RIBOSOMES
28
T/F Do ribosomes exist free in the cytosol?
TRUE
29
what is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Protein synthesis, ion sequestration/release and processing/trafficking of membrane associated and secreted proteins
30
which part of the ER participates in lipid synthesis?
The smooth ER
31
Which membrane bound organelle also serves as a major reservoir for calcium ions ?
ER
32
Which ion plays a major role in intracellular signaling?
Ca2+
33
which organelle is responsible for packing proteins, processing station that participates in protein maturation and targets newly synthesized proteinsto their appropriate subcellular destinations?
GOLGI COMPLEX
34
describe the pathway of packing proteins??
rER----GOLGI COMPLEX---VESICLES--CELL MEMBRANE--FUSED LARGER LIPID BILAYER
35
What are the functions of the mitochondria?
lipid/carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative phosporilation and ATP synthesis.
36
which organelle participates in the metabolism of molecules for excretion and in the destruction of oxidative free radicals.
MITOCHONDRIA
37
What is intrinsic apoptosis?
programmed cell death due to DNA damage or oxidative stress.
38
programmed cell death is know as
APOPTOSIS
39
what is extrinsic apoptosis?
programmed cell death due to cellular receptors in plasma membrane
40
what is the function of B-cell lymphoma 2(BCl2)?
promotes cellular survival by inhibiting the action of pro-apoptotic proteins.
41
on the intrinsic apoptosis cascade what initiates the apoptotic cascade?
CYTC, APAF1 AND CASPASE9
42
What are the pro-apototic proteins?
BAX/BAK
43
Describe the apoptotic cascade...
1. cytc, APAF1 and CASPASE9 2. apoptosome 3. caspase 3 4. caspase 6 5. caspase 7 6. apoptosis
44
which regulatory protein mediates the uptake of Ca+ across the mitochondrial inner membrane and into the matrix ?
MCU with regulatory protein MICU
45
Where is the mtDNA or mDNA located?
in the mitochondria
46
T/F does most of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA?
TRUE
47
Mythocondrial dysfunction in Huntigntons disease is caused by?
expression of abnormal huntingtin protein
48
which type of disease causes progressive brain disorder that causes uncontrolled movements,emotional problems and loss of thinking ability ?
HUNTINGTONS DISEASE
49
How many genes does mitochondrial DNA contains?
14-15 genes
50
which organlle was initially proposed as cellular waste resulting from cell damage?
exosomes
51
type of organelle involved in complex cargo of proteins , lipids and nucleic acids and are capable of delivering these cargos to the target cells they encounter?
exosomes
52
which organelle is considered the cell's trash incinerator ?
Lysosomes
53
which type of proton pump ensures that the lysosome espace maintains its extremely acidic environment , which aids in protein hydrolysis?
V-ATPASE PUMP
54
Which disease is the most common type of lysosomal storage diseases?
GAUCHER
55
What is TAY SACHS Disease?
another type of lysosomal storage diseases
56
in the cytoplasm which organelles have unknow shape ?
endosomes, peroxisomes and transport vesicles
57
it is considered a non amorphous structure but it is organized by the cytoskeleton?
CYTOPLASM
58
The cytoskeleton is composed of what kind of protein filaments?
intermediate filaments, microtubules, thin filaments , thick filaments
59
how many histones contains the nucleosome?
8 histones
60
how many levels of compactation has the DNA?
5 levels
61
what are the subunits of a microtubule?
heterodimers of alfa-beta tubulin form long protofilaments
62
function of microtubules are?
structural support and basis for several types of subcellular motility , show dynamic instability
63
what are the subunits of intermediate filaments?
tetramer of two coiled dimers
64
function of intermediate filaments ?
structural support , predominant keratins (nails,hair, outer skin layers )
65
what are the subunits of thin filaments?
globular or G-actin arrange in a double helix to form fibrous or F-ACTIN
66
Thick filaments subunits?
assembly of myosin molecules
67
vimentin,GFAP,neurofilament proteins, keratins,nuclear lamins are?
intermediate filament family
68
which component of the cytoskeleton plays an important roll in cell division?
microtubules

Biochemistry Block 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions