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SGU BPM1 > Cellular Organization > Flashcards

Cellular Organization Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

3 major classes of lipids

A

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

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2
Q

2 major classes of proteins

A

integral and peripheral

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3
Q

Phospholipid Structure

A
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4
Q

Most abundant membrane lipids

A

Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylinositol

Sphingomyelin

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5
Q

Cholesterol Structure

A
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6
Q

What percentage of lipid molecules are glycolipids

A

5%

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7
Q

Glycolipids are found where?

A

Exclusively in the outer monolayer of the lipid bilayer

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8
Q

Lipid Rafts

A

Cholesterol enriched microdomains

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9
Q

Ganglioside

A

glycosphingolipid + 1 or more sialic acids (NANA)

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10
Q
A

Galactocerebroside; type of glycosphingolipid

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11
Q

What enzyme breaks down GM1?

A

Galactosidases

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12
Q

GM1 Gangliosidosis

A

inherited disorder that progressively destroys neurons as GM1 accumulates

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13
Q
A

GM1 Ganglioside

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14
Q
A

sialic acid (NANA)

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15
Q

integral membrane protein positioning

A

transmembrane and anchored

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16
Q

3 types of anchored integral proteins

A

alpha helix, lipid chain, oligosaccharide linker

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17
Q

Peripheral Membrane proteins

A

NONCOVALENTLY associate with integral membrane proteins

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18
Q

6 categories of integral membrane proteins

A

pumps/carriers/transporters

receptors

linkers

enzymes

structural proteins

channels

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19
Q

Gap junctions allow

A

they are channels that allow passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells

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20
Q

Glycocalyx

A

carbohydrate rich zone on cell surface

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21
Q

3 things that make up the glycocalyx

A

Glycolipids

Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans

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22
Q

functions of glycocalyx

A

establish microenvironment

protection

cell recognition

cell to cell interaction

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23
Q

Lectins

A

involved in cell to cell interactions; carbohydrate binding proteins

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24
Q

Outer leaflet

A

Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingomyelin

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25
Inner Leaflet
Phosphatidylserine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylinositol
26
inner and outer leaflets have significantly different
charge
27
Significance of Phosphatidylserine
Localizes to inner leaflet, and gets enzymatically transferred to outer leaflet during programmed cell death; triggers phagocytic removal of dying cells
28
2 main funcitons of lipid rafts
signal transduction endocytosis
29
lipids and proteins have the ability to move
within the plane of the membrane
30
purposes of cholesterol in membrane
generally: stabilize the membrane and reduce membrane fluidity
31
Permeable
hydrophobic, nonpolar, uncharged; O2, CO2, N2, Benzene
32
Less Permeable
Small polar uncharged; H2O, urea, glycerol even more impermeable: large uncharged polar; glucose, sucrose
33
Highly Impermeable
Charged polar; ions
34
3 Types of Endocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Pinocytosis Phagocytosis
35
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
Cargo specific Clathrin-dependent
36
Pinocytosis
Nonspecific Clathrin-independent
37
Phagocytosis
Clathrin-independent Actin-dependent
38
2 types of Exocytosis
Regulated Constitutive
39
Secretory Cells
Regulated Exocytosis; endocrine, exocrine, neurons
40
Regulated exocytosis depends on
stimulus and Ca2+ influx
41
Exocytosis
42
COP-II coated vesicles bud off the
rER and travel from the cis golgi to the trans golgi
43
COP-I coated vesicles bud off the
trans golgi and travel toward the rER
44
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis | (Clathrin coated pits)
45
Dynamin
Receptor-mediated endocytosis: mediates vesicle pinching off, and uses GTPase
46
clathrin molecules interact with cargo receptors via
adaptin
47
receptor recycled, ligand degraded | (receptor-mediated endocytosis)
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor Insulin-glucose transporter receptor Other peptide hormones & their receptors
48
receptor and ligand recycled | (receptor-mediated endocytosis)
Iron, transferrin & transferrin receptor Major histocompatibility complex I & II
49
receptor and ligand degraded | (receptor-mediated endocytosis)
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) & receptor
50
receptor and ligand transcytosis | (receptor-mediated endocytosis)
Secretion of immunoglobulins (secretory IgA) into saliva Secretion of maternal IgG into milk
51
Vesicle Targeting
52
Docking complex
Rab-GTPase and receptor immobilize the vesicle near target membrane
53
Early Endosome functions
sort and recycle proteins
54
Late endosome functions
Receives proteins for degradation Receives newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes from the Golgi Matures into a lysosome
55
Pinocytosis ends up with
fusion with lysosome
56
pinocytotic vessles within the endothelial cells of a blood vessel
57
Phagocytosis
58
specialized phagocytes
macrophage neutrophil
59
extension of pseudopods is dependent on
actin microfilament polymerization
60
residual body
indigestable substances
61
3 domains of cellular life
Bacteria Archaea Eukaryota
62
63
nuclear lamina
64
nuclear pores
65
Nuclear Pore Structure
66
Largest organelle in the cell
nucleus
67
components of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope Nuclear lamina Nuclear pores Nucleolus Nucleoplasm
68
69
inner nuclear membrane function
scaffold, stabilizing the nuclear envelope
70
inner nuclear membrane is in contact with the
nuclear lamina
71
outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the
rER
72
nuclear lamin functions
forms a meshwork that allows chromatin to attach, and supports nuclear envelope
73
Nuclear Lamin is made of
Nuclear lamins (Lamin A and B) type of intermediate filament
74
Lamin A mutation is seen in
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome & other laminopathies results in abnormally shaped nuclei, and causes accelerated aging conditions
75
what happens to the nuclear lamin during mitosis?
it disassembles
76
arrows are pointing to
nuclear pore complexes
77
78
site of ribosome production
nucleolus
79
3 zones of nucleolus
Fibrillar center (FC) Fibrillar material (F) Granular material (G)
80
fibrillar center of nucleolus
Pale staining region DNA loops of 5 chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 & 22 Contain rRNA genes
81
fibrillar material of nucleolus
Electron dense Transcription of rRNA genes
82
granular material of nucleolus
Initial ribosomal assembly
83
identify 3 zones of nucleolus
84
85

SGU BPM1 (1 decks)

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