Cellular Participants of Wound Healing and Key GF and Cytokines

Question 1

Platelets

Answer 1

small, irregularly shaped clear cell fragments which circulate in the blood and are involved in hemostasis

Question 2

Neutrophils

Answer 2

phagocytotic cells that clean up debris and bacteria

Question 3

Monocytes

Answer 3

WBC that in response to inflammation will differentiate into macrophages

Question 4

Macrophages

Answer 4

responsible for phagocytosis of debris, secrete GF that stimulate angiogenesis

Question 5

Endothelial cells

Answer 5

cells that form the endothelium (lining of blood vessels)

Question 6

Fibroblasts

Answer 6

produce protein fibers (collagen and elastin) and extracellular matric (ECM)

Question 7

Myofibroblasts

Answer 7

cell that is differentiated from a fibroblast. Contains and actin and myosin contractile system similar to what is found in smooth muscle

Question 8

Keratinocytes

Answer 8

predominant cell found in the epidermis

Question 9

Mast cells

Answer 9

specialized secretory cell that helps to promote fibroblast proliferation

Question 10

Epidermal GF (EGF)

Answer 10

-stimulates angioblast, fibroblast, and keratinocytes proliferation

-chemotactic agent for fibroblast and keratinocytes

Question 11

Keratinocyte GF (KGF)

Answer 11

-stimulates keratinocyte proliferation

Question 12

Fibroblast GF (FGF)

Answer 12

-stimulates angiogenesis and epithelialization

-stimulates fibroblast growth and collagen production

Question 13

Platelet-derived GF (PDGF)

Answer 13

-chemotactic factor for macrophages and PMNs

-stimulates angioblasts, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and macrophages

-stimulates matrix production and angiogenesis

Question 14

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

Answer 14

-enhances wound contraction

-stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and migration

-stimulates angiogenesis

Question 15

Transforming GF β (TGF-β)

Answer 15

-Family of growth factors made by fibroblasts, macrophages, keratinocytes, and platelets
-Regulates matrix formation and collagen synthesis
-Stimulates angiogenesis and epithelialization
-Involved in scar formation

Question 16

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)

Answer 16

-Stimulates fibroblasts
-Activates neutrophils
-Stimulates inflammatory mediators
-Stimulates angiogenesis
-Levels are increased in chronic wounds

Question 17

Interleukin-1

Answer 17

-Stimulates fibroblast and epithelial cells
-Stimulates collagen synthesis
-Stimulates angiogenesis
-Chemotactic factor for inflammatory mediators

Question 18

Vascular endothelial GF (VEGF)

Answer 18

-Powerful stimulator of angiogenesis
-Stimulates granulation tissue formation and epithelialization
-Promotes collagen deposition

Question 19

Insulin-like GF I

Answer 19

-Reverse steroid-impaired wound healing