Cellular Regulation: Class 1 Flashcards
(62 cards)
0
Q
3 Major components of the Cell
A
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
1
Q
Cellular Attributes
A
Ability to:
- Exchange material w/ their environment
- Obtain energy from organic nutrients
- Manufacture complex molecules
- Replicate themselves
2
Q
Cell Membranes
-Characteristics
A
- Semi-permeable
- Contains receptors
- Involved in electrical conduction
- Regulates cell growth and proliferation
- Lipid bi-layer
- Proteins
3
Q
Cell Membranes
-Proteins
A
- Proteins determine the function of the membrane
4
Q
Cellular Transportation
-Passive Transport
A
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
- Filtration
5
Q
Cellular Transportation
-Active Transport
A
- Active transport pumps
- Endocytosis
- Phagocytosis = cell eating
- Pinocytosis = cell drinking - Exocytosis
6
Q
Diffusion
A
Passive movement of molecules
7
Q
Osmosis
A
Passive movement of Water
8
Q
Human Genome
A
All of the DNA in the Cells and mitochondria
9
Q
Cells Containing DNA TEST
A
All Cells contain DNA Except for Mature RBC’s
10
Q
Anaplasia
A
Cell loss of ability to differentiate and it is irreversible
11
Q
Hormonal Hyperplasia
A
- Pregnancy
- Uterus expands
12
Q
Metaplasia
A
- Pathological
- Normal cells are replaced by abnormal cells
- Outside influence is affecting the cells - Less functional cells are created
- Cells are found in abnormal locations
13
Q
Dysplasia
A
- Mutation has occurred
- Abnormal shape and size
- Can be found on Cervix - HPV
14
Q
Patient Hx
-Subjective Data
A
- Medications
- Family Hx
- Smoking / drinking
15
Q
Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-General
A
- Lethargy
- Apathy
- Fever
16
Q
Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Integumentary
A
- Pale Skin
- Abnormal Growth
- Skin Turger
- Nails - brittle nails
- Thinning of hair
- Mucous Membranes
17
Q
Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Respiratory
A
- Tachypnea
2. SOB
18
Q
Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Cardiovascular
A
- Capillary Refill
- Heart Murmurs (w/ anemia)
- Systolic Ejection Murmurs
19
Q
Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation) Objective Data -Gastrointestinal
A
- Anorexia (in cancer)
2. Tongue - Beefy Red Tongue (w/ Anemia
20
Q
Pt Hx (Cellular Regulation)
Objective Data
-Neurological
A
- CONFUSION **TEST
- 1st sign that pt is not getting adequate perfusion - Paralysis / Paresthesia
21
Q
CAUTION Acronym
-‘C’
A
- Change in bowel or bladder habits
22
Q
CAUTION Acronym
-‘A’
A
- A sore that does not heal
23
Q
CAUTION Acronym
-‘U’
A
- Unusual bleeding/discharge from any orifice
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CAUTION Acronym
| -'T'
1. Thickening or lump in the breast/elsewhere
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CAUTION Acronym
| -'I'
1. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
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CAUTION Acronym
| -'O'
1. Obvious change in a wart or mole
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CAUTION Acronym
| -'N'
1. Nagging cough or hoarseness
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Cellular Regulation - Risk Factors
| -Genetics
1. Fam hx of Cancer
2. Fam hx of Bleeding disorders
- Cycle cell anemia
- phalycemias
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Cellular Regulation - Risk Factors
| -Chronic Illnesses
1. Inflammatory illness
2. Diabetes
3.
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Cellular Regulation - Risk Factors
| -Activity
1. Lack of activity can cause weight gain which increases the amount of cells increasing the risk for mutations
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Cellular Regulation Considerations
| -Cultural Background
1. What does the pt see as culturally acceptable
| 2. If pt does not think that marijuana is a street drug is due to cultural background
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Cellular Regulation Considerations
| -Gender
1. Menstral hx
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Cellular Regulation Considerations
| -Sexuality
1. HPV and other types of inflammation can cause increased risk
34
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Gerontologic Considerations (Cellular Regulations)
-Common in older adults
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1. Chronic Dz
2. Nutritional Deficiencies
- Changes in food and taste can make food less appealing
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S/S that may Go Unrecognized as Normal Aging changes
1. CONFUSION
2. Pallor
3. Ataxia
4. Fatigue
5. Worsening Angina
6. HF
36
PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation
| -Activity
1. It is important to get regular exercise most days of the week
2. Build up to 30 minutes of exercise slowly
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PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation
| -Risk for injury
1. W/ bleeding disorders, Pt's are at risk for increased bleeding
Some Bleeding disorders;
-Children should not play any contact sports
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PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation
| -Safety
1. Medication Safety - In older adults
- Make sure pt's know what they are taking and that they are taking the right dose. Make sure pt's know both generic and trade names of meds
39
PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation
| -Balance of Rest and sleep activity
1. Sleep is important to the body to allow regeneration and repair of the body
40
CAUTION
1. Change in bowel patterns
2. A sore that doesn't heal
3. Unusual bleeding/discharge
4. Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
5. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
6. Obvious change in wart or mole
7. Nagging cough or hoarseness
41
PT Teaching R/T Cellular Regulation
| -Skin Care
1. Wear sun screen & Hats
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Diagnostic Tests
| -Biopsy
1. Take tissue sample and look at cellular level under microscope
-
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Diagnostic Tests
| -Bone Marrow Aspiration
1. Bone Marrow Aspiration is taken from the HIP
- Tissue sample can show how Stem cells, RBC's, WBC's, and platelets are doing
Look at Pg 489
44
Diagnostic Tests
| -CT, CAT, MRI, PET
Nurses Role
1. Assess Renal function because of Contrast Dye.
2. Look at BUN and Creatinine (normal is <1.5) before procedure
3. Assess any allergy to IODINE or SHELLFISH **TEST**
4. Stop certain medication like metformin
5. Imaging studies show condition of soft tissue
45
Diagnostic Tests
- CT, CAT, MRI, PET
- -Post procedure
Promote fluid intake to wash out contrast dye
46
Diagnostic Tests
| -Body Fluid study
1. Urinalysis
2. Lumbar puncture
3. Removal of fluid from the lungs or the abdomen
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RBC's
| -Biconcave Disk
1. Biconcave disk increases the surface area allowing for more diffusion of Oxygen
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RBC's
| -Reticulocyte
1. Immature Red Blood Cell
| 2. Early warning sign of a pt with anemia
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Normal Hgb Level
1. Female - 12-16
| 2. Male - 14-18
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Normal Hct Level
1. If there is no way to check Hct levels you can use the Hgb level and multiply it by X3
Male 40-54%
Female 38-47%
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MCV
Mean Corpuscular Volume
1. MCV tells the size of the cell
Microcytic anemia - small cell anemia -
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MCH
1. Mean Corpuscular Hgb
- Shows the appearance of the cell
- Does the cell look normal or pale
Hypo-Chromic -
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Erythropoietin
1. Hormone made in the kidney that helps with the creation of RBC's
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Life of RBC
120 days
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Byproduct of Lysed RBC
Bilirubin
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Renal Failure and Erythropoietin
Pt's with renal failure may have anemia due to lack of ability to create Erythropoeitin which is created in the kidneys
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Cellular Regulation
| -Short Term Goals
1. Maintain adequate nutrition
2. Decrease side effects of treatment
3. Develop no complications related to anemia
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Cellular Regulation
| -Long Term Goals
1. Remission of Cancer
2. Support quality of life
3. Remain Infection Free
- HAND HYGIENE
- VACCINES
4. Improve Hgb levels
59
Qsen Competencies
1. Pt centered Care
2. Teamwork and Collaboration
3. Quality Improvement
4. Informatics
5. Safety
6. Evidence-based practice
60
Intra-Cellular Fluid Compartment
1. Accounts for 3/4 of total body fluid
61
Extra-Cellular Fluid Compartment
1. Constitutes about 1/4 of the total body fluid
