Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Question 1

What is not a stage of mitosis?

Answer 1

interphase

Question 2

What is Interphase?

Answer 2

Interphase consists of all phases of the cell cycle EXCEPT mitosis. Interphase includes G1 phase, S-phase, and G2 phase.

Question 3

Cell Cycle

Answer 3

Collective series of intervals and events of a eukaryotic cell life. Time it forms to dividing.

Question 4

Most of a cell’s life is in what phase?

Answer 4

Interphase

Question 5

What occurs during interphase?

Answer 5

The cell increases in size, replicates DNA, and prepares for division.

Question 6

What does the “G” stand for in the stages?

Answer 6

Gap

Question 7

What occurs during G1 Phase?

Answer 7

The cell grows and produces the molecules it will need for DNA Replication. Cells can leave the cell cycle and enter non-dividing state called G0.

Question 8

What is G0?

Answer 8

Differentiated cells going about their metabolic business- muscle cells, nerve cells etc.

Question 9

What happens after the G1 Phase?

Answer 9

Cells move into the S phase, when DNA replication occurs.

Question 10

What happens in the G2 Phase?

Answer 10

It makes proteins and other cellular components needed for the division.

Question 11

What occurs during S Phase?

Answer 11

A cell copies its chromosomes by DNA replication.

Question 12

When does the nucleus divide?

Answer 12

During Mitosis

Question 13

After mitosis what occurs next?

Answer 13

The Cytoplasm divides. Each descendant cell begins a new cycle.

Question 14

What is Mitosis?

Answer 14

Mechanism of nuclear division that maintains the chromosome number.

Question 15

What is Diploid?

Answer 15

Nucleus contains 2 sets of chromosomes.

Ex. one from mother, one from father cells = cells have 2 of each chromosome.

Question 16

What is the male and female chromosomes?

Answer 16

XY Male, XX Female

Question 17

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 17

Same length, shape, and genes (hom means alike)

Question 18

Sister Chromatids

Answer 18

Identical molecules of DNA and are attached at the centromere to form one X shape chromosome.

Question 19

When the body has a wound, skin cells and many other types of body cells are continually replaced by_______.

Answer 19

Mitosis

Question 20

Asexual reproduction

Answer 20

Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from a single parent, ONLY. Single-celled eukaryotes.

Question 21

What does not undergo Mitosis?

Answer 21

Prokaryotes reproduce by dividing and have no nucleus.

Question 22

What are the 5-6 phases in the cell dividing processes?

Answer 22

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase/Cytokinesis

Question 23

Spindle

Answer 23

Temporary structure that assembles and moves chromosomes during nuclear division. Consists of microtubules that elongate from 2 spindle poles.

Question 24

Prophase

Answer 24

Chromosome are packed into their most compact forms which are visible under a light microscope.

Question 25

Metaphase

Answer 25

All chromosomes are aligned midway between spindle poles.

Question 26

Anaphase

Answer 26

Sister Chromatids separate and move towards spindle poles. Individual, unduplicated chromosome.

Question 27

Telophase

Answer 27

Chromosomes arrive at opposite spindle poles and enclose into a new nuclear envelope

Question 28

What phase does the ring of microfilaments and motor proteins forming under the plasma membrane occur?

Answer 28

Anaphase

Question 29

Band that contracts during Telophase

Answer 29

Contractile Ring

Question 30

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 30

Indentation in dividing animal cell

Question 31

Cell Plate

Answer 31

Vesicles contain polysaccharides and glycoproteins needed for cell wall during Telophase and fuse to flat structure.

Question 32

What is P53?

Answer 32

Check point gene, a transcription factor in operating the end of G1.

Question 33

What can p53 do?

Answer 33

Move damaged DNA in G0 phase and activates repair proteins to fix damages

Question 34

What happens when the DNA repair is complete?

Answer 34

Advances to S phase for DNA replication

Question 35

What if DNA CANNOT be repaired?

Answer 35

p53 will trigger events to self-destruct to prevent damaged DNA replication. As it could lead to mutation.

Question 36

Tumor

Answer 36

Mass abnormally dividing cells in a tissue. Defective/Missing

Question 37

Proto-oncogene

Answer 37

Increased or stimulated molecules in mitosis

Question 38

Oncogene

Answer 38

Gene that transforms a normal cell into a mutated cell = mutation in mitosis

Question 39

Tumor Suppressors

Answer 39

Inhibit Mitosis (p53)

Question 40

Metastasis

Answer 40

Cells of malignant tumor spread throughout the body

Question 41

Telomeres

Answer 41

Short DNA sequence that has been repeated with binded proteins. When cell divides it shortens too short. (Irreversible)

Question 42

Stem cells

Answer 42

Divide infinitely , undifferentiated, in G0 inactive

Question 43

Diploid (2n)

Answer 43

Pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 44

Alleles

Answer 44

Different forms of the same gene