Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Name the first stage of respiration.

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Question 2

Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the substrate of glycolysis?

Answer 3

glucose

Question 4

What term is used to describe adding a phosphate to a molecule?

Answer 4

Phosphorylation

Question 5

How many ATP are required during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

Answer 5

2 ATP

Question 6

What two things are phosphorylated during the energy investment phase?

Answer 6

glucose and intermediates

Question 7

How much ATP is produced during the energy pay-off phase of glycolysis?

Answer 7

4 ATP

Question 8

What is the NET gain of ATP during glycolysis?

Answer 8

2 ATP

Question 9

Name the enzymes that remove hydrogen ions and high energy electrons.

Answer 9

Dehydrogenase enzymes

Question 10

What are the hydrogen ions and high energy electrons passed onto and what does that form?

Answer 10

NAD to form NADH

Question 11

Where are the hydrogen ions and high energy electrons taken to by the NADs?

Answer 11

The inner membrane of the mitochondria for the electron transport chain

Question 12

What is the end product of glycolysis?

Answer 12

Pyruvate

Question 13

How many carbon molecules are in pyruvate?

Answer 13

3C

Question 14

What 2C molecule is pyruvate broken down into?

Answer 14

acetyl group

Question 15

What is added to the acetyl groups and what is formed?

Answer 15

coenzyme A forming acetyl coA

Question 16

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 16

The matrix of the mitochondria

Question 17

Name the 4C molecule that acetyl coA joins onto?

Answer 17

oxaloacetate

Question 18

What is formed when oxaloacetate joins with acetyl coA?

Answer 18

citrate

Question 19

How many carbon molecules does citrate have?

Answer 19

6C

Question 20

What controls the breakdown of citrate back into oxaloacetate?

Answer 20

enzymes

Question 21

What waste product is released during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 21

carbon dioxide

Question 22

What useful substance is produced in small amounts during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

What do dehydrogenase enzymes remove and pass to coenzyme NAD during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 23

Hydrogen ions and high energy electrons

Question 24

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

Answer 24

inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 25

What is released as the electrons move along the electron transport chain?

Answer 25

energy

Question 26

What are passed along the electron transport chain? (clue in the name)

Answer 26

high energy electrons

Question 27

What is the energy from the electrons used for?

Answer 27

To pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 28

How do these ions flow back through the membrane?

Answer 28

Through ATP synthase

Question 29

What does the ATP synthase do as the hydrogen ions flow through?

Answer 29

It rotates and generates many molecules of ATP

Question 30

What is the final hydrogen acceptor?

Answer 30

Oxygen

Question 31

What is formed when oxygen, low energy electrons and hydrogen ions combine?

Answer 31

Water

Question 32

What is fermentation?

Answer 32

Respiration in the absence of oxygen

Question 33

In animals, what is pyruvate converted into during fermentation?

Answer 33

lactate

Question 34

Is fermentation in animals reversible or not?

Answer 34

reversible

Question 35

In plants and yeast, what is pyruvate converted into during fermentation?

Answer 35

ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 36

Is fermentation in plants and yeast reversible or not?

Answer 36

not

Question 37

How many molecules of ATP are produced in fermentation compared to aerobic respiration?

Answer 37

2ATP compared to 38ATP (from one molecule of glucose)