cellular respiration

Question 1

ATP is made by adding _______ to an inorganic phosphate

Answer 1

ADP

Question 2

NAD+ picks up electrons and hydrogen forming

Answer 2

NADH

Question 3

most of the ATP made in cellular respiration is produced by _________ phosphorylation

Answer 3

oxidative

Question 4

The energy available to a cell is contained in the

Answer 4

specific arrangement of electrons and the chemical bonds that hold an organic molecule together

Question 5

The electrons start out in a molecule where they have -

Answer 5

more energy (glucose)
and end up in one where they have less
energy (water).

Question 6

The reactions release energy in ______, and the cell stores some of the energy in ______.

Answer 6

small amounts, atp

Question 7

The cell transfers energy from organic compounds to ___ by coupling ___________
chemical reactions to energy ______ ones.

Answer 7

atp, energy - releasing, storing

Question 8

When the carbon-hydrogen bonds of glucose are broken,

Answer 8

electrons are ultimately transferred to
atmospheric oxygen.

Question 9

Oxygen has a _____ tendency to attract electrons.

Answer 9

strong

Question 10

The cell transfers energy by shuttling _______ from molecule to molecule

Answer 10

electrons

Question 11

An electron loses potential energy when it _______ to oxygen.

Answer 11

“falls”

Question 12

Throughout cellular respiration you will see _________ and ________ being transferred together.

Answer 12

electrons, hydrogen atoms

Question 13

A coenzyme called _________ is used to carry electrons in redox reactions

Answer 13

NAD

Question 14

a sequence of electron carriers form the electron ________ chain

Answer 14

Transport

Question 14

is a gain of an electron

Answer 14

reduction

Question 15

Energy released in the electron transport chain is used to pump ______ ions (H+) across a membrane

Answer 15

Hydrogen

Question 16

Oxidative ___________ involves an electron transport chain and a process called chemiosmosis

Answer 16

Phosphorylation

Question 17

_______ is a loss of an electron

Answer 17

Loses

Question 17

Pyruvic acid oxidation and the _____ acid cycle make up the second stage of cellular respiration

Answer 17

Citric

Question 17

oxygen is _____ In a redox reaction in cellular respiration

Answer 17

reduced

Question 17

in your cells the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur in organelles called

Answer 17

mitochondria

Question 18

________ is short for oxidation reduction

Answer 18

Redox

Question 19

a molecule is reduced when it _____ an electron

Answer 19

gains

Question 20

most cells make most of their ATP via a process that involves an electron transport chain and a process called

Answer 20

chemiosmosis

Question 21

A _____ enzyme strips hydrogen atoms from organic molecules

Answer 21

Dehydrogenase

Question 22

ATP ________ are protein complexes that use energy from a gradient of ion concentration to make ATP

Answer 22

Synthesis

Question 23

phosphorylation is adding a ________ group to ADP to make it ATP

Answer 23

Carrier

Question 24

The process of _____ is the first stage of cellular respiration

Answer 24

Glycolysis

Question 25

redox reaction stands for

Answer 25

oxidation - reduction reaction

Question 26

in cellular respiration, _______ is oxidized, __________ is reduced

Answer 26

glucose, oxygen

Question 26

The enzyme dehydrogenase _________ electrons from _______ molecules and transfers them to the coenzyme ______

Answer 26

removes, glucose, NAD+

Question 27

_________ are necessary to oxidize glucose and other foods.

Answer 27

enzymes

Question 28

____ delivers electrons to a series of electron carriers in an electron transport chain

Answer 28

NADH

Question 28

NAD+ is an import enzyme in oxidizing -

Answer 28

glucose

Question 28

NAD+ accepts ______, and becomes reduced to _______

Answer 28

electrons, NADH

Question 29

As electrons move from carrier to carrier,

Answer 29

their energy is released in small quantities

Question 30

Electrons move from carrier to carrier by alternating ________ and _________ reactions.

Answer 30

oxidation, reduction

Question 31

When the electrons reach the bottom of the hill (O2), they have _______ most of their energy.

Answer 31

lost

Question 32

As the electrons gradually lose energy when they go down the hill, the energy lost is used to make ____

Answer 32

ATP

Question 33

The electron transport works because each molecule in the chain has a ____________ ___________ for the electrons.

Answer 33

greater affinity

Question 34

If 02 is reduced in one step it results in a

Answer 34

explosion

Question 34

Electron transport chains are embedded in membranes in the -

Answer 34

mitochondria

Question 35

two mechanisms generate ATP,

Answer 35

oxidative phosphorylation and substrate - level phosphorylation

Question 36

in oxidative phosphorylation, cells use the energy released by "falling" electrons to pump ________ across a membrane

Answer 36

H+ ions

Question 37

in oxidative phosphorylation the energy of the gradient is harnessed by ATP synthase to make ATP by the process of -

Answer 37

chemiosmosis

Question 38

in substrate level phosphorylation ATP can also be made by transferring phosphate groups from organic molecules to ________

Answer 38

ADP

Question 39

ATP synthase uses _______ ________ to make ATP

Answer 39

gradient energy

Question 40

_____________ (chewing) and __________ start the breakdown of your food.

Answer 40

Mechanical activity, enzyme activity

Question 41

___________ are absorbed from your large intestine into your bloodstream.

Answer 41

sugars

Question 42

With the help of ____________, sugars leave your blood and enter your cells to be converted to __________

Answer 42

insulin, energy