cellular respiration

Question 1

glycolysis

Answer 1

processing of carbs
glucose +O² -> energy + pyruvic acid

Question 2

What is the overall equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 2

glucose + O₂ + ADP + phosphate → ATP + CO₂ + H₂O

Question 3

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 3

in the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 4

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

Answer 4

glucose, 2 ATP

Question 5

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 5

2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 6

What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

Answer 6

2 ATPs get hydrolyzed, breaking the 6-carbon glucose into two 3-carbon groups

Question 7

What are the 3-carbon groups formed during glycolysis called?

Answer 7

pyruvic acids

Question 8

What is the net total of ATP produced in glycolysis?

Answer 8

2 ATPs

Question 9

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?

Answer 9

in the mitochondria

Question 10

What are the reactants of pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 10

CoA, 2 pyruvic acids, oxygen

Question 11

What are the products of pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 11

2 NADHs, 2 CO₂, acetyl CoA

Question 12

What role does CoA play in pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 12

CoA takes some of the electrons from the 3-carbon groups in a redox reaction

Question 13

What is produced when a carbon is broken off during pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 13

CO₂

Question 14

During glycolysis, what happens to the electrons from the 3-carbon groups?

Answer 14

They are transferred to transporter molecules that become NADH

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The coenzyme called _______ takes electrons from the 3-carbon groups in pyruvate oxidation.

Answer 15

CoA

Question 16

True or False: Glycolysis results in a net gain of 4 ATP.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Answer 17

In the mitochondrial matrix

Question 18

What are the reactants of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 18

Acetyl CoA, Oxaloacetate

Question 19

What are the products of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 19

6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2

Question 20

How many times does the Krebs Cycle occur for each molecule of glucose?

Answer 20

Twice

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 21

To continually pull carbons apart and release their electrons onto electron transporters

Question 22

What initiates the reaction in the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 22

The CoA compound

Question 23

What happens to carbon chains during the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 23

They become smaller as electrons are removed and carbons are rearranged

Question 24

What type of molecules are produced by reactions in the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 24

Energized molecules

Question 25

What is the first product formed when acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate?

Answer 25

Citrate

Question 26

What is produced from each cycle of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 26

* 1 ATP (GTP) * 3 NADH * 1 FADH2 * 2 CO2

Question 27

What enzyme converts fumarate to malate?

Answer 27

Fumarase

Question 28

What enzyme converts succinate to fumarate?

Answer 28

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 29

What enzyme is responsible for converting isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate?

Answer 29

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 30

Fill in the blank: After 2 cycles of the Krebs Cycle, _______ ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2 are produced.

Answer 30

2

Question 31

True or False: Each glucose molecule yields 2 acetyl CoA groups for the Krebs Cycle.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What molecule is regenerated at the end of the Krebs Cycle to combine with acetyl CoA?

Answer 32

Oxaloacetate

Question 33

What is the alternate name for the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 33

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 34

What coenzyme is involved in the Krebs Cycle that accepts electrons?

Answer 34

NAD+

Question 35

What is the location of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 35

Mitochondria ## Footnote Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, specifically across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 36

What are the reactants of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 36

4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH ## Footnote These reactants are essential for the process of oxidative phosphorylation to occur.

Question 37

What are the products of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 37

30-32 ATP ## Footnote This is the yield of ATP generated from the oxidative phosphorylation process.

Question 38

What is the big picture objective of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 38

To pump H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane to power ATP synthesis ## Footnote This process involves the combination of ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.

Question 39

Which protein complexes are involved in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 39

Complex I, II, III, IV ## Footnote These complexes are responsible for transporting electrons and H+ ions during the process.

Question 40

What does NADH release into complex I?

Answer 40

Electrons and H+ ion ## Footnote NADH contributes to the electron transport chain by releasing these components.

Question 41

What happens to H+ ions after they are released by NADH?

Answer 41

They travel into the intermembrane space ## Footnote This movement is crucial for creating a proton gradient used to synthesize ATP.

Question 42

What is coenzyme Q's role in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 42

Transport electrons from complex I and II to complex III ## Footnote Coenzyme Q facilitates electron transfer in the electron transport chain.

Question 43

What does complex IV do with the electrons from cytochrome c?

Answer 43

Combines them with oxygen ## Footnote This reaction is vital for the formation of water (H2O) as a byproduct.

Question 44

True or False: FADH2 releases its electrons through complex I.

Answer 44

False ## Footnote FADH2 releases its electrons through complex II, not complex I.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The formation of _______ and the pumping of four H+ ions into the intermembrane space are powered by the process in complex IV.

Answer 45

H2O ## Footnote This water formation is a crucial part of the oxidative phosphorylation process.

Question 46

what is the movement through the inner mitochondrial membrane called

Answer 46

chemiosmosis

Question 47

what must chemiosmosis happen through

Answer 47

ATP synthase

Question 48

what does ATP synthase do

Answer 48

harnesses energy of H+ ions moving thru the inner mitochondrial matrix and uses it to offset energy needed to combine ADP with inorganic phosphate, creates 26 - 28 more ATP