cellular respiration Flashcards
(24 cards)
Why is cell energy needed?
Energy for living things comes from food, which originally comes from the sun.
What are autotrophs?
Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food.
Examples include plants and some microorganisms.
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that cannot use the sun’s energy to make food.
Examples include animals and most microorganisms.
What is ATP?
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and is the cell’s usable source of energy.
How is energy released from ATP?
The last phosphate bond is broken to release energy required for cellular activities.
What is ADP?
ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate and is a low energy molecule left after ATP releases energy.
How is ATP regenerated?
ADP is converted back to ATP using glucose and oxygen through the process of respiration.
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell and converted to ATP.
What are the two types of cellular respiration?
Aerobic respiration (requires oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (does not require oxygen).
What is produced during aerobic respiration?
A total of 30 or 32 ATP molecules are produced from each glucose molecule.
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 30 or 32 ATP.
Where does glycolysis occur?
Glycolysis starts outside the mitochondria in the cytosol.
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
The Krebs Cycle occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix.
Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?
The Electron Transport Chain occurs on the cristae of mitochondria.
What factors affect the rate of cellular respiration?
Temperature, glucose availability, and oxygen concentration.
How does temperature affect cellular respiration?
As temperature increases towards the optimum range, the rate of cellular respiration increases.
How does glucose availability affect cellular respiration?
Increasing glucose concentration increases the rate of respiration until a saturation point is reached.
How does oxygen concentration affect cellular respiration?
Increasing oxygen concentration increases the rate of aerobic respiration.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell, also known as fermentation.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Occurs in bacteria and yeast, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide from glucose.
Example: Yeast produces CO2 gas during fermentation to make dough rise.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Occurs in muscle cells during rapid exercise when oxygen is insufficient, producing lactic acid.
Causes a burning sensation in muscles.
What is the energy output of anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration produces 2 ATP.
What is the energy output of aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration produces 30 or 32 ATP.
