Cellular Respiration Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the general equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2; Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.
Define oxidation in the context of cellular respiration.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a molecule.
Define reduction in the context of cellular respiration.
Reduction is the gain of electrons by a molecule.
What is a redox reaction?
A redox reaction is a chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons between two species.
What role do NADH and FADH2 play in cellular respiration?
NADH and FADH2 serve as electron carriers, transporting electrons to the electron transport chain. This explains how redox reactions occur.
List the main stages of cellular respiration.
- Glycolysis
- Formation of acetyl coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
- Oxidative phosphorylation
Where does glycolysis occur?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
Breakdown glucose > Pyruvate
Glucose 6 carbon atoms. Does not require oxygen
Where does the formation of acetyl coenzyme A occur?
The formation of acetyl coenzyme A occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What are the reactants and products of glycolysis?
Reactants: glucose and 2 ATP; Products: 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP (net 2 ATP), and 2 NADH.
What happens to pyruvate in preparation for the citric acid cycle?
Pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A and releases CO2.
Happens in the mitochondrial matrix and produces 2 COA 2 NADH, 2 CO2
Are NAD+ and FAD reduced or oxidized by the citric acid cycle?
NAD+ and FAD are reduced by the citric acid cycle.
What happens to NADH and FADH2 after they leave the citric acid cycle?
They are oxidized by the electron transport chain.
What is the net production of ATP by the Citric Acid (Krebs) cycle?
The net production of ATP by the Citric Acid cycle is 2 ATP.
What chemical by-product is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle?
CO2 is produced as a by-product.
How does the folded structure of the inner membrane of the mitochondria relate to its function?
The folded structure increases surface area for electron transport and ATP synthesis.
Where do the electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC) come from?
Electrons come from NADH and FADH2.
What happens to the electrons when they reach the end of the ETC?
Electrons combine with oxygen to form water.
What is the direct source of energy used by ATP synthase to produce ATP?
The direct source of energy is the proton gradient (H+) across the membrane.
What happens to NADH and FADH2 after they are oxidized by the electron carriers of the ETC?
They are converted back to NAD+ and FAD.
What is the net production of ATP by the ETC/chemiosmosis?
The net production of ATP by the ETC/chemiosmosis is approximately 28-32 ATP.
What is the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be produced from each molecule of glucose?
The maximum number of ATP molecules is approximately 38 ATP.
What are the general equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.
These processes relate to the flow of energy through ecosystems.
