Cellular Respiration

Question 1

a unit of energy from food is called?

Answer 1

a calorie

Question 2

What does 1 unit of calorie do?

Answer 2

it raises 1 gram of water 1 degree centigrade

Question 3

upper case “C” stands for

Answer 3

1000 calories = C =kilocalorie

Question 4

What releases more energy when burned: fat, protein, carb.

Answer 4

fat 9C per gram of fat, vs. 4 C per gram of proteins/carbs

Question 5

Do all calories break down in our bodies as heat energy?

Answer 5

God no!!! but some does. The rest is converted into chemical energy (cellular respiration).

Question 6

Does cellular respiration require oxygen?

Answer 6

Yes!!!!!

Question 7

What are the 2 reactants in cellular respiration?

Answer 7

oxygen and glucose

Question 8

What are the 3 products in cellular respiration?

Answer 8

CO2, H20, ATP

Question 9

Do cells receive all energy quickly from calories?

Answer 9

No. Just like plant cells, these cells have small tummies and can only take in so much at once.

Question 10

What are the 3 stages for cellular respiration?

Answer 10

1. glycolysis, 2. Krebs cycle, 3. electron transport

Question 11

Only 10% of the energy (ATP) is captured from food in which stage?

Answer 11

glycolysis

Question 12

where is the other 90% of energy stored for ATP during glycolysis?

Answer 12

in a molecule called pyruvic acid.

Question 13

Most energy gets released to the cell in which stage?

Answer 13

electron transport stage

Question 14

Why does the electron transport stage collect the most energy?

Answer 14

Thats where the oxygen is located.

Question 15

Which 2 stages require oxygen

Answer 15

Krebs and electron transport.

Question 16

Where do Krebs and electron transport take place?

Answer 16

mitochondrea

Question 17

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

anaerobic means?

Answer 18

without air

Question 19

in what stage does fermentation occur?

Answer 19

glycolysis (this stage doesn’t require oxygen)

Question 20

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposites?

Answer 20

the products and reactants are the opposites

Question 21

What are the 2 reactants in glycolysis?

Answer 21

1. glucose, 2. carbon

Question 22

What are the 3 products of glycolysis?

Answer 22

1. 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (C3). 2. NADH. 3. 2 ATP molecules.

Question 23

Does glycolysis require energy in order to start making energy?

Answer 23

yes. It borrows 2 ATP form the cell, then it makes 4 ATP which means there’s a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Question 24

What are 2 advantages of glycolysis?

Answer 24

1. produces ATP faster than the other stages. 2. It doesn’t need oxygen to make ATP

Question 25

What is NADH?

Answer 25

molecule that transports H+ions

Question 26

Whats special about H+ ions?

Answer 26

They make a lot of ATP when mixed with oxygen.

Question 27

What is glucose broken down into at the beginning of glycolysis?

Answer 27

C3 (pyruvic acid)

Question 28

What's needed to allow C3 to take all the stored energy into the Krebs stage?

Answer 28

oxygen!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 29

what's the matrix?

Answer 29

the innermost chamber of the mitochondria and its where Krebs cycle starts.

Question 30

What are the 4 products of Krebs?

Answer 30

1. citric acid (C6). 2. CO2. 3. ATP. 4. NADH and FADH (electron carriers)

Question 31

What happens to citric acid produced in Krebs?

Answer 31

releases carbon molecules to make CO2.

Question 32

What happens to CO2 produced in Krebs?

Answer 32

we exhale it back into the atmosphere

Question 33

What happens to the ATP produced in Krebs?

Answer 33

powers the cell immediately

Question 34

What happens to the NADH produced in Krebs?

Answer 34

combines with oxygen and H+ion pairs to produce more ATP in final cycle

Question 35

Where is the electron chain in prokaryote and eukaryote cells?

Answer 35

prokaryote - cell membrane | eukaryote - inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 36

A lot of pairs of H+ ions enter the inter membrane (not the matrix) of the mitochondria during the electron chain state, what happens because of this?

Answer 36

A charge is created that allows a group of proteins (ATP synthase) to spin, churning out ATP.

Question 37

Where does the ATP synthase reside?

Answer 37

On the inner membrane, between the matrix and inter membrane.

Question 38

How many molecules of ATP are created from 1 rotation of the ATP synthase?

Answer 38

1 spin = 1 molecule of ATP

Question 39

What causes the spin?

Answer 39

the charge, forcing H+ ions to move from more dense inter membrane to the less dense matrix (inducing a spin)

Question 40

without oxygen glycolysis can generate 2 ATP. How much ATP is typically generated with oxygen?

Answer 40

about 36 molecules of ATP (using Krebs, glycolysis and electron transport)

Question 41

What % of a calorie in an organism is burned into heat? ATP?

Answer 41

heat - 64%, ATP - 36%

Question 42

What must be available in order for glycolysis to produce ATP?

Answer 42

NAD+....because this is needed to carry the electrons.

Question 43

What does fermentation do to help create ATP in glycolysis without oxygen.

Answer 43

creates a path for NADH to convert back to the needed NAD+ (so more electrons can come in and create energy)

Question 44

2 types of fermentation?

Answer 44

1. alcoholic. 2. lactic acid

Question 45

Are the reactants the same for lactic and alcoholic fermentation? What are they (2)?

Answer 45

yes. 1. pyruvic acid (C3. 2. NADH

Question 46

Are the products the same for lactic and alcoholic ferm.?

Answer 46

No. Lactic has 2 products: lactic acid and NAD+. Alcoholic has 3 product: alcohol, CO2 and NAD+

Question 47

Which tissue n our bodies are best able to produce fermentation?

Answer 47

muscles

Question 48

Which uses fermentation: sprints or long distance?

Answer 48

sprints. remember: glycolysis requires less time to produce energy (and you need it quick for a sprint) but it also doesn't produce a lot (which you need for distance)