Cellular Respiration Flashcards
(24 cards)
Glycolysis occurs in…
Cytosol
Is O2 required?
No, it is anaerobic
What are the reactants of Glycolysis?
Glucose, 2 ADP + 2 Pi, 2 NAD+
What are the products of Glycolysis?
2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2H2O
What are the 2 sources of glucose
1- From food
transfer from digestive system into epithelial cells (via Na+ and cotransport)
into all other cells by facilitated diffusion (usually need insulin)
2- From glycogen breakdown
What does kinase do?
transfer of Pi between ATP and another molecule
What does isomerase do?
changes the molecule’s conformation
What does dehydrogenase do?
removes H
What does mutase do?
transfer functional group from one position to another
What does enolase do?
removes H2O
Fermentation occurs when…
The end products of glycolysis accumulate (pyruvate and NADH)
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Pyruvate + NADH to lactic acid + NAD+
Advantage of lactic acid fermentation
Regenerates NAD+ neded for glycolysis to continue
Provides ATP
Disadvantage of lactic acid fermentation
Short term due to the increase in pH
Creates O2 debt
What is oxygen debt?
Lactic acid diffuses out of muscle cell and transported to liver cell (lactice acid to pyruvate to glucose)
What are the end products of alcohol fermentation?
CO2 and ethanol (cannot occur in humans)
Advantage of alcohol fermentation
Regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis
provides ATP
What is alcohol fermentation? (Steps)
2 consecutive reactions:
pyruvate + H2O form acetaldehyde + CO2
acetaldehyde form (NADH to NAD+) ethanol
Disavantage of alcohol fermentation
Ethanol is toxic
Pyruvate oxidation occurs in…
Mitochondria
What are the 3 steps of Pyruvate oxidation?
Decarboxylation (remove CO2)
Oxidation (make NADH to NAD+)
Conjugation to CoA (add Co enzyme A make acetyl CoA)
What does the citric acid cycle provide?
NADH and FADH2 for electron transport system
The Citric Acid Cycle occurs in…
mitochondrial matrix
How many of each component per acetyl CoA?
CO2: 2
NADH: 3
FADH2: 1
GTP (can be converted to ATP): 1
