Cellular response to injury

Question 1

What are the causes of disease?

Answer 1

Internal factors (genetic)
External factors (acquired)
Combination of both

Question 2

List some reversible cell damage

Answer 2

Mitochondria becoming swollen
Detachment of ribosomes
Swollen internal membrane systems
Swollen RER resulting in loss of ribosomes

Question 3

List some irreversible cell damage

Answer 3

Release of lysosomal enzymes
Protein digestion
Membrane disruption
Leakage of cell enzymes and proteins
Nuclear changes

Question 4

Name some cell loss disorders

Answer 4

AIDS
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Myocardial infarction
Aplastic anaemia

Question 5

Name some cell accumulation disorders

Answer 5

Cancer
Viral infections
Lupus erythematosus

Question 6

What are types of nuclear changes?

Answer 6

Pyknosis
Karyorrhexis
Karyolysis

Question 7

What are some causes of necrosis?

Answer 7

Impaired blood flow
Toxins
Infection
Chemicals
Physical agents

Question 8

What are the types of necrosis?

Answer 8

Coagulative
Colliquative
Liquefactive
Caseous

Question 9

What is the calcification of necrotic tissues?

Answer 9

Large amounts of Ca2+ enters the cell
Can be useful in early diagnosis of tumours

Question 10

What is apoptosis?

Answer 10

Programmed cell death