Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > cellular structure and functions > Flashcards

cellular structure and functions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who/when was the cell discovered? How?

A

Robert Hooke, 1665, looking at cork from a tree under a light microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the nucleus?

A

Stores and expresses genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of the nuclear envelope?

A

double membrane containing the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lysosome

A

where macromolecules are degraded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a macromolecule?

A

molecules containing large numbers of atoms such as proteins, and nucleic acids etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a ribosome?

A

the side of polypeptides synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the plasma membrane?

A

membrane controlling what can enter and exit the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is cytosol in the cell?

A

site of many metabolic pathways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the nuclelous assemble?

A

Ribsome subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is chromatin?

A

A complex of DNA and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus the site off?

A

Site of modification, sorting and secretion of lipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the peroxisome the site off?

A

site where hydrogen peroxide and other harmful molecules are broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the cytoskeletons function?

A

Protein filaments that provide shape and aid in movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mitochondria

A

site of ATP synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the smooth ER the site off?

A

Site of detoxification and lipid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the rough ER the site off?

A

site of protein sorting and secretion

17
Q

what is the centrosome?

A

site where microtubules form and centrioles are found

18
Q

what is the nuclear pore?

A

Passage was for molecules into and out of the nucleus.

19
Q

What is the cell wall in plant cells?

A

structure that provides cell support.

20
Q

what is the chloroplast in plant cells?

A

contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis

21
Q

What is the central vacuole in a plant cell?

A

provides storage and regulation of cell volume. also contains sap containing sugars and salts

22
Q

what is the tonoplast in plant cells?

A

membrane around vacuole.

23
Q

what does starch granules do inside a cell?

A

stores food

24
Q

Calculation for total magnification?

A

ocular lens multiplied by objective lens

25
Q

Size of an animal cell vs virus cell?

A

animal- 1-100 microns (um)

Virus- 10 nanometers (nm)

26
Q

calculation for size of object?

A

size of image/ magnification

27
Q

what is resolution and what is it limited by?

A

ability to show 2 object as separate. Limited by wavelength.

28
Q

resolution power calculation?

A

1.22 times wavelength / 2 n sin(x)

n= refraction index

29
Q

How is fluorescent microscopy used?

A

enables structures to be viewed more clearly.
fluorescent dyes are added which emit light when excited by certain wavelengths of light.
some have a natural affinity for specific structures within the cell, others bind to antibodies which bind to proteins

30
Q

How to electron microscopes work?

A

use beams of electrons rather than light as the wavelength is a lot smaller than light, enables for greater resolution power.

31
Q

who and when invented the electron microscope?

A

1930’s by ernst ruska and max knoll

32
Q

what is the two types of electron microscope?

A

transmission- used to study internal structures of cells.

scanning- used to study surface of cells and produce 3D images

33
Q

How does a transmission microscope work?

A

requires very thin sections
specimen embedded in resin and sliced with diamond knife
impregnated with a heavy metal stain such as osmium tetroxide
beam passes through and electrons absorbed where staining is heavy
image collected on a photographic film
can only examine very small areas

34
Q

resolution power of a transmission electron microscope?

A

0.2nm and produced images up to 250,000 X

35
Q

negatived of the TEM?

A

can only examine dead things due to the heavy metal staining which is toxic
specimen placed in a vacuum
expensive to buy and maintains, and a lot of skill is required

36
Q

how does the scanning electron microscope work?

A

specimen is stained with a heavy metal and electrons are reflected from the surface.
can produce images of whole organisms

37
Q

what is Atomic force microscopy?

A

measures hardness/roughness of a surface to a fraction of a nm scale

38
Q

advantages/disadvantages of AFM?

A
  • no need to coat specimen ie less chance of artifacts
  • can study living organisms
  • resolution comparable to TEM
  • can be combined with for examples of fluorescent microscopy
  • cannot scan a wide area like SEM
  • takes longer than SEM

biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions