cellular transport Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is the sodium-potassium pump
The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell
what is simple diffusion
a type of passive transport when particles move on a high to low concentration gradient until dynamic equilibrium is reached
what is receptor mediated endocytosis
a type of active transport that targets specific molecules. has receptors that stick out that specific molecules attach to and are then dragged into the cell.
what is osmosis
a type of passive transport where water molecules from a high concentration of water move to a low concentration of water across/through a semi permeable membrane
what is facilitated diffusion
a type of passive transport that uses protein molecules to help molecules move across a cell membrane
what is exocytosis
a process for moving large molecules out of the cell to the cell exterior
what is endocytosis pinocytosis
‘cell drinking’
a type of active transport where part of the membrane pulls inward which creates suction so liquid above the cell is pulled in. the top pinches closed and forms a vesicle.
what is endocytosis phagocytosis
‘cell eating’
a type of active transport where the cell extends a membrane out and engulfs a solid particle. it then stores it inside a food vacuole after bringing it into the cell
what is endocytosis
a type of active transport by which cells take in substances from the outside by engulfing them in a vesicle
what is dynamic equilibrium
Period at which the molecules are moving back and forth across a membrane at an equal rate
what is bulk transport
the movement of a large amount of molecules using endo or exocytosis
what is brownian motion
random movement of molecules or atoms
what is an isotonic solution/environment
water moves in and out equally/same amount of solute and water
what is a protein pump
a type of active transport that pumps protein across a cell membrane using energy to change shape and move/pump molecules
what is a isotonic plant cell
flaccid - no changes occur
what is a isotonic animal cell
normal and ideal. the shape is unchanged.
what is a hypotonic solution
less solute and more water
what is a hypotonic plant cell
turgid (normal) - the cell expands with water through osmosis but the cell wall prevents it from exploding. the plant is fine.
what is a hypotonic animal cell
lysed/lysis - the cell fills with water and swells and bursts and dies
what is a hypertonic solution/environment
more solute, less water
what is a hypertonic plant cell
plasmolyzed - cell loses water and shrinks and dies
what is a hypertonic animal cell
crenation - water moves out of the cell via osmosis causing the cell to shrink
what does it mean to be selectively permeable
it (membranes) can choose which substances can pass through it, allowing some molecules to enter or exist a cell while blocking others
what are aquaporins
proteins that form pores in cell membranes, allowing water and small molecules to pass through
