cellular ultrastructure and function test

Question 1

Define the term ‘cell’

Answer 1

A membrane bound microorganism that contains organelles. Humans are made up of lots of cells.

Question 2

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

Controls what comes in and out of the cell.

Question 3

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 3

A watery matrix that allows the transport of molecules.

Question 4

What is the function of nucleus?

Answer 4

Controls all the activity in the cell.

Question 5

What organelle has the function ‘site of ribosome synthesis’?

Answer 5

Nucleolus.

Question 6

What organelle has the function ‘site of aerobic respiration’?

Answer 6

Mitochondria.

Question 7

What organelle has the function ‘system of membranes with ribosomes attached. Site of protein synthesis’?

Answer 7

RER.

Question 8

What is the function of SER?

Answer 8

Synthesise carbohydrates and lipids.

Question 9

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 9

Take part in cell division, they from spindle fibres that move chromosomes during cell division.

Question 10

What organelle has the function ‘ vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes - break down waste materials inside the cell’?

Answer 10

Lysosomes.

Question 11

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 11

Newly made proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles.

Question 12

Name four intracellular membranes

Answer 12

Lipid, Phospholipid, Lysosome, Mitochondria, Cell membrane.

Question 13

State two functions of the cell surface membrane.

Answer 13

1. Controls what goes in and out of the cell
2. Acts as an antigen

Question 14

State the function of cholesterol in cell membranes.

Answer 14

Provides stability to the cell membranes - not to stiff and not to jelly like.

Question 15

Explain why cell membranes are described as ‘partially permeable’.

Answer 15

The cell membrane is partially permeable because not all molecules can go through the membrane, only some molecules. For example, molecules such as hydrocarbons and oxygen can cross the membrane, but larger molecules such as glucose cannot.

Question 16

Name one structure in a cell membrane that can act as an antigen?

Answer 16

Glycoproteins.

Question 17

Describe the function of antigens in the body.

Answer 17

Antigens identify the cell as “self” and can signal other cells that it is “self”.

Question 18

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

Answer 18

Fatty acid tails.

Question 19

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Answer 19

Phospholipid head.

Question 20

Which part of the phospholipid molecule faces towards the cytoplasm?

Answer 20

Phosphate head.

Question 21

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is non-polar?

Answer 21

Fatty acid tails.

Question 22

What is the shape of chromosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 22

Circular.

Question 23

What is the shape of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 23

Linear.

Question 24

What is the size of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 24

70s.

Question 25

What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 25

80s.

Question 26

What is the size of a prokaryotic cell (micrometres)?

Answer 26

1-10

Question 27

What is the size of a eukaryotic cell (micrometres)?

Answer 27

10-100

Question 28

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles present?

Answer 28

No.

Question 29

Do eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles present?

Answer 29

Yes - such as mitochondria.