CELS191 Module 1 Flashcards
to learn module 1 (110 cards)
1µm
1/1000 mm
1mm
1000µm
1µm
1000nm
Eukaryote cells range
10-100 µm
Prokaryote cells range
less than 5 µm
mitochondria size
1-10 µm
chloroplasts size
2-5µm
Evolution
When you have organisms that vary, pass on their
characteristics and survive differentially
Natural selection
the reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment
Phylogenetic Trees
identifying shared characters makes family trees of organisms.
Origin of life, 3 domains
Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
Endosymbiosis theory
Mitochondria are derived from proteobacteria, and chloroplasts from cyanobacteria.
Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic Cells
membrane-enclosed organelles are present in eukaryotes
Prokaryotic no nucleus
Amino acids, Nucleobases, Simple carbohydrates, Fatty acids
Building blocks
Macromolecules
Proteins ,DNA, RNA, Complex carbohydrates, Lipids
Super molecular assemblies
Membranes, Ribosomes, Chromatin
Organelles
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi, ER
4 Levels of carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides (single unit)
- Disaccharides (two joined)
- Oligosaccharides (3-10 complex)
- Polysaccharides (more than 10)
Functions of Carbohydrates
Recognition, Energy, Structure
Nucleic acids
polymers of nucleotides
Proteins
polymers of amino acids
the 20 amino acids differ by their ‘R’ group
Lipids
Not polymers
Heterogeneous - fats and steroids
Hydrophobic
Functions of Lipids
Structural, Regulatory, Energy
What must a cell do?
Manufacture cellular materials
Obtain raw materials
Remove waste
Generate the required energy
Control all of the above