Central Dogma Flashcards
(15 cards)
Which of the following statements about the central dogma is true?
A. Transcription directly produces protein from mRNA.
B. RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template.
C. Translation occurs in the nucleus.
D. DNA replication is the process of copying RNA into DNA.
B. RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template - central dogma is DNA > mRNA > protein
During the process of transcription, which of the following is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
A. Ribosome
B. RNA polymerase
C. DNA polymerase
D. tRNA
B. RNA polymerase
In a eukaryotic cell, where does transcription occur, and where does translation occur?
A. Transcription in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm
B. Transcription in the cytoplasm, translation in the nucleus
C. Transcription in the cytoplasm, translation in the mitochondria
D. Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus
A. Transcription in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm
Which of the following sequences represents the correct flow of information in the central dogma? A. DNA → Protein → RNA
B. RNA → DNA → Protein
C. DNA → RNA → Protein
D. Protein → RNA → DNA
C. DNA → RNA → Protein
What is the role of tRNA during translation?
A. It carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
B. It assembles the ribosome on mRNA.
C. It synthesizes mRNA.
D. It forms peptide bonds between amino acids.
A. It carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Which of the following is most likely to be disrupted in a gene if a mutation occurs in the promoter region?
A. The ribosome binding site
B. The initiation of transcription
C. The termination of translation
D. The amino acid sequence of the protein
B. The initiation of transcription
If an mRNA undergoes a mutation where a stop codon is replaced with a codon for an amino acid, what is the likely outcome?
A. The translation will terminate earlier than expected.
B. The protein will be shorter than intended.
C. The translation will continue beyond the normal stop codon, resulting in a longer protein.
D. The protein will be non-functional due to misfolding.
C. The translation will continue beyond the normal stop codon, resulting in a longer protein.
In a PCR experiment designed to amplify a gene for cloning, what is the role of primers
A. To denature the DNA
B. To prevent non-specific binding of DNA polymerase
C. To bind to the complementary sequences on the template DNA, defining the region to be amplified
D. To synthesize the DNA strand
C. To bind to the complementary sequences on the template DNA, defining the region to be amplified
Which enzyme is responsible for adding the poly-A tail to eukaryotic mRNA during post-transcriptional modification?
A. RNA polymerase
B. DNA ligase
C. Poly-A polymerase
D. Reverse transcriptase
C. Poly-A polymerase
Which of the following best describes the function of the ribosome during translation?
A. It synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template.
B. It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
C. It edits mRNA to remove introns.
D. It transcribes the genetic code into a sequence of nucleotides
B. It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
Describe the role of RNA polymerase in the transcription process.
RNA polymerase - synthesises RNA molecule by reading the DNA template strand
- binds to promoter region of DNA
- unwinds DNA
- elongates RNA transcript by adding RNA nucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand
What are exons and introns, and how do they relate to mRNA processing?
exons - coding regions of a gene; retained in the final mRNA transcript and will be translated into protein
introns - non-coding regions transcribed into mRNA = removed during RNA splicing before translation
significance of the 5’ cap?
helps in mRNA stability
protects from degradation
assists in ribosome binding during translation
significance of poly-A tail?
aids in mRNA stability
helps export of mRNA from the nucleus for translation
translation efficiency
How does a mutation in a gene’s coding sequence potentially affect the protein it codes for?
mutation in the coding sequence can result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein - may alter structure & function
