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Genetics - Exam 1 > Central Dogma > Flashcards

Central Dogma Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the components of DNA.

A

Phosphate and Deoxyribose

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2
Q

Describe the components of RNA.

A

Ribose and 2-prime carbon position

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3
Q

What are the differences between the structure and components of DNA and RNA?

A

Double stranded vs. single stranded
Deoxyribose vs. Ribose
Thymine vs. Uracil

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4
Q

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

A

Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine

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5
Q

What are the 4 bases in RNA?

A

Urasil
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine

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6
Q

What is meant by the phrase “complementary base pairing” as it applies to DNA? Which bases pair together? How many bonds join each pair? What type of bond joins complementary bases?

A

Pairing between 2 strands of nucleotides allowing for a constant helix width.
2 hydrogen bonds with T and A
3 hydrogen bonds with G and C

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7
Q

Define protein.

A

Strings of amino acids

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8
Q

Define amino acid.

A

Building blocks of proteins

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9
Q

Define codon.

A

3 bases of mRNA make up a codon

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10
Q

Define anticodon.

A

Binds to the codons on mRNA

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11
Q

Define peptide bond.

A

Bond between 2 amino acids

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12
Q

Define hydrogen bond.

A

The weak attraction between amino acids

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13
Q

Define phosphodiester bond.

A

Joins the nucleotides together in transcription

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14
Q

Define central dogma.

A

Semi-conservative process of DNA to proteins

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15
Q

Define purine.

A

G and A

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16
Q

Define pyrimidine.

A

T and C

17
Q

Define transcription.

A

From DNA to mRNA

18
Q

Define translation.

A

From mRNA to protein

19
Q

Define antiparallel.

A

RNA is complimentary and antiparallel to the template strand of DNA

20
Q

What is meant by the phrase “semi-conservative replication”?

A

Because each double helix contains 1 old and 1 new strand

21
Q

How many bases make up a codon? On what type of RNA are codons found?

A

3

mRNA

22
Q

Be able to use a coding dictionary to determine the sequence of a protein from a given mRNA sequence. You need to be able to recognize the start codon. The stop codons are indicated on the coding dictionary.

A

a

23
Q

Which codon is the start codon?

A

AUG

24
Q

What is meant by the phrase “The genetic code is a degenerate code”?

A

More than 1 codon can code for the same amino acid

25
Q

Know the processes in the Central Dogma of Genetics (Replication, Transcription, Translation)

A

a

26
Q

Remember that RNA is complementary and antiparallel to the template strand of DNA.

A

a

27
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

Nucleus

28
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

Cytoplasm

29
Q

What type of bonds joins amino acids together to form a protein?

A

Peptide bond

30
Q

What do the letters t, r, and m stand for in tRNA, rRNA and mRNA and what is the purpose of each type of RNA?

A

Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA

Genetics - Exam 1 (5 decks)

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