Central Nervous System Flashcards
Development of a brain
Brain- Anterior part of neural tube expands into brain (cephalisation)
Rest of neural tube is spinal cord
Identify the 5 layers of protection of the CNS
- skull
2 Meninges (Protective membranes)
•Dura mater- Outer leathery
• Arachnoid mater- Middle, blood vessels
• Pia mater- Closest to CNS
- Cerebrospinal fluid- Shock absorbed (circulates into meninges)
- Blood Brain Barrier- Blood vessels in brain are semipermeable so they pre ent certain chemicals more entering cerebrospinal fluid
- Spinal cord- Dorsal root (Back w sensory neurons and ganglia) and Ventral Root (Front motor neurons)
Medulla Oblongata
Connects spinal cord and brain
Involuntary muscle control
Pons
Bridge between halves of cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Balance and fine motor
Midbrain
Relay center for eyes and ears
Cerebrum
Right (controls left side of body) and left (vice versa) hemispheres
Integrate learning memory and emotions
Cerebral cortex and Lobes
Outer surface of cerebrum w fissures (folds increase surface area)
Frontal- Motor control, intellect and personality
Parietal- Spatial awareness, touch and taste
Temporal- Hearing smell and memory
Occipital- Vision
Corpus Callosum
Nerves connecting hemispheres
Thalamus
Sends sensory information to lobes of cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Connects nervous and endocrine system and controls behaviour and emotions
Pituitary gland
Releases hormones
Olfactory
Interprets smell
At bottom of temporal lobe
Energy and the Brain
ATP from cell resp needed to maintain and restablish resting potential, synthesizing NeuroTM and singling molecules
Lots of neurons need lots of o2 and glucose to generate atp by aerobic cell resp so a lot of energy goes to brain
(20% in adults less in other vertebrates)
Psychoactive drugs
Affects brain by increasing (excitatory ex nicotine or cocaine) or decreasing (inhibitory ex alcohol) post synaptic transmission
