Central Nervous System Flashcards
(28 cards)
What the general regions of the brain?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and Brainstem.
What are the specific regions of the brain?
Diencephalon: Thalamus, Epithalamus, and Hypothalamus.
Brainstem: Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla oblongata.
What are the structures of the Cranial Meninges?
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and Pia mater.
Dura mater
Outermost, tough membrane. Forms dural venous sinuses draining blood from brain. Supportive structure formed by dura mater.
Arachnoid mater
is spider web filamentous layer
Pia mater
is a then vascular layer adherent to contours of brain.
What are the ventricles of the brain?
Ventricles are the spaces of the brain. Which include the Lateral Ventricle, Cerebral aqueduct, Fortth ventricle, and Third Ventricle.
What are the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid?
Buoyancy, protection, chemical stability.
Hydrocephalus
If CSF cannot circulate or drain properly a condition called hydrocephalus (water on the brain) develops.
Fluid buildup causes increased pressure on the brain, either internally or externally.
In what part of the brain does the cerebrospinal fluid flow inside?
It flows in the subarachnoid space.
What makes CSF?
The choroid plexuses and circulates through: ventricles.
Gyri
are the elevated folds
Sulci
the shallow grooves
Fissures
are deep groves
What are the functions of the cerebral hemispheres?
Left: Speech, verbalization, math, logic
Right: Visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion
What are the functions of the cerebral lobes?
Frontal: contains voluntary motor for planning, mood, smell, and social judgement.
Parietal: integrates sensory in shapes, textures, speech.
Occipital: is optical
Temporal: Contains areas for hearing, emotional behavior, learning, memory, smell
Insula: apparently involved in memory and taste.
What consist of grey matter?
neuron bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, glial cells
What consist of white matter?
dendrites, myelinated axons, and glial cells.
How are fibers classified in the white matter of the cerebrum?
Fibers are classified as:
Commissural fibers
Association fibers
Projection fibers
What are basal nuclei? Functions?
Masses of grey matter deep to cerebral cortex
Involved in motor control (start, stop and regulate intensity of voluntary movements ordered by cerebral cortex)
What are the functions of the grey matter?
Basal Forebrain nuclei: associated with memory, learning, arousal, motor control, associated with synthesis and released of ACh.
Claustrum: unknown function
What are the functional areas of the cerebral cortex?
Sensory areas: conscious awareness of sensation
Association areas: integrate information
Motor areas: control voluntary motor functions
Where is the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)?
Frontal lobe
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)?
Parietal lobe
