Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 Neuroscience and Mental Health > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

A column of nervous tissue protected by a vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

A stack of vertebra to allow movement with opening in the middle for chord; nerves exit from projections on sides at interface to PNS; surrounded by dura, arachnoid and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the dermatome?

A

Area of skin innervated by a specific nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Muscles innervated by a specific nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many pairs of nerves are there?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do C1-7 nerves come out?

A

Above the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where to T1-12 nerves originate?

A

Below their vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does C8 originate?

A

Below the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do L1-5 originate?

A

Below their vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the cord ends at T12/L1 level form?

A

Cauda equina in the lumbar and sacral region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do S1-5 originate?

A

Below their vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the coccygeal nerve originate?

A

In between coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is below the lumbar region?

A

No tissue

Just emergence of nerves from lumbar cistern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the dorsal root do?

A

Receives sensory signals into the dorsal horn - cell bodies in root ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the ventral root do?

A

Motor neurons exit cord along the ventral root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is found in grey matter

A

It is where cell bodies of neurones are; butterfly shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is found in the white matter?

A

Myelinated fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens in the ascending tracts?

A

Carry sensory info to CNS eg spinothalamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in the descending tracts?

A

Carry motor into the PNS eg corticospinal/vestibulospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

A

Connects PNS and ANS to the brain
Carries sensory signals to the brain
Carries motor signals to the muscles
Coordinates reflexes (synapses in grey matter connect sensory neurones to motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the brain made up of?

A

Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Brain stem

22
Q

What is the brain stem and what comes out of it?

A

10/12 cranial nerves originate from the brain stem to control vital functions eg HR/breathing/swallowing
The pyramidal dessucation marks border between spinal cord and medulla oblongata
Pons connect to brainstem

23
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

24
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Bilateral structure with a third ventricle in middle. Relay centre, recieving all somatic and special sensory afferents to project to cortex; involved in emotional status, consciousness and motor response

25
Q

What is the hypothalamus’ function

A

For homeostasis, endocrine control - temp, hunger, thirst, hormones

26
Q

What is the cortex in the cerebral hemisphere?

A

2-4mm thick, with 30% exposed and 70% in sulci. Fissures seperate lobes

27
Q

What are the fissures found in the cerebral cortex?

A

Longitudinal fissure: splits hemisphere
Central fissure: frontal/parietal
Lateral fissure: temporal/frontal and temporal/parietal

28
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

Ganglia = PNS groups of cell bodies: caudate nucleus and putamen to form striatum; putamen and globus pallidus form the lentiform nucelus -

29
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A

Fine tunes movement

Supressing unwanted movement

30
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

31
Q

What does the motor association area do?

A

Planning of movement

32
Q

What does the primary visual cortex do?

A

Receives visial signals

33
Q

What does the visual association area do?

A

Recognises familiar objects

34
Q

What does the primary auditory cortex do?

A

Receives audio signals

35
Q

What does the auditory association area do?

A

Recognises and gives meaning to audio

36
Q

Where is the primary somesthetic cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

37
Q

What does the somesthetic association area do?

A

Interpretation of sensation, giving meaning and sense to it

38
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex do?

A 
Emotion, 
personality, 
interpretation,
judgement,
planning
39
Q

What does the broca area do

A

generates programme for speech muscles, usually one sided

40
Q

What does the wernicke area do?

A

responsible for recognition of speech and written language

41
Q

What is the structure of the cortex?

A

laminar with 6 layers
large pyramidal neurones with one descending axon and many dendrites
organised by somatotopathy - sensory and motor cortex have a map where each region of the body represented by certain part of the brain

42
Q

What is the limbic system? What is it involved in?

A

System with common functions of motivation, emotion and memory,
Include hypothalamus, thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, amygdala, fornix and gyri

43
Q

What is the cerebellum? Where is it found

A

At base of back of head

Two connected hemispheres and a surface grey cortex, white matter in the middle

44
Q

What is the cortex? What is it connected to?

A

Arranged in parallel lines to increase SA
Connected to:
vestibular system for balance
cord and muscles of locomotion for posture and muscle tone
cortex and thalamus to allow for learned movement with trajectory, timing, speed and force

45
Q

What different fibres does white matter have

A

Commissural: connect both sides of brain - most important = corpus callosum
Association: connected structures on same side
Projection: travel vertically to bring in sensory information and take out motor information

46
Q

What does the corpus callosum do?

A

It is a flat bundle of commissural fibres that connects the left and right cerebral cortex and allow communication between them

47
Q

What is the cranium made up of?

A

Frontal fossa protects front
Parietal fossa protect sides and top
Occipital fossa protect back
At base, anterior cranial fossa protect front, followed by sphenoid cranial fossa
Temporal fossa protect temporal lobes and foramen magnum hole allows nervous entry

48
Q

What are the different layers of the meninges

A 
Skin
Skull
Dura Mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid Mater
Subarachnoid space - where blood vessels lie and filled with CSF
Pia mater - thin layer
49
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

Hollow spaces filled with CSF, lateral ventricles exist between thalamei, fourth ventricle continuous with cord (stem at front, cerebellum at back)

50
Q

What is the cerebrospinal fluid composition?

A

Similar to plasma but with high Na+ and low K+, and lower glucose/Ca2+/K+ and much lower protein and slightly lower pH

51
Q

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Cushioning
Nutrition
Removing waste
Immune cells

52
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced and how much per day?

A

Produced in choroid plexus
In all ventricles
0.5L per day

Y1 Neuroscience and Mental Health (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions