Central Nervous System Stimulants Flashcards
memorize (25 cards)
Three classifications of CNS Stimulants
- Amphetamines
- Methamphetamines: A synthetic Ephedrine Product- (Mixture of meth and amphetamines- you make it)
- Cocaine
Amphetamines
can be bought OTC with exception of ADHD medications-Stimulants
Methamphetamines
Bath Salts: Methamphetamine
- causes huge surges in BP
- PERMENANT changes in personality
METH- can Cause severe HYPERTHERMIA with use
Methamphetamines Clinical Effect
made from Ephedrine (nasal Spray &Anti Sleep Medications)
Methamphetamines- S/S Use
- Intense High
- ***Paranoia (Bath Salts)
- ***Aggressive Behavior (bath Salts)
- ***Severe Hyperthermia
- ***Dry, Itchy Skin leading to Skin Picking & Scabbing(Formication)
- **Tooth loss- Deposit of Metals- may turn black
- Severe burns from meth lab explosions- Risk for injury great
- Increased VS
- Insomnia
- Stroke
- Brain Damage
- Anxiety/panic
- Tremors/Seizures
- Excessive Talking
- Labile Mood
Methamphatimes Common names/Forms Used
“Crank” = any form of Methamphetamine
“Ice” =Crystallized Smokeable Form-Chunk Form-Very Intense Reaction
Pills,Capsules,Powder,Chunk,Injectable Liquid
Methamphetamine Withdrawal S/S
Severe Craving Insomnia Restlessness Mental Confusion Severe Fatigue Depression
Methamphetamine Adverse Effects
Highly Addictive
- **Fires and burbs in meth labs
- **Rapid Hyperthermia
- **Organ Damage- Brain, Lungs, Kidneys, liver
- Accidents
Methamphetamine Treatment
12 STEP- NA Stinkin Thinkin- What keeps you using Halt-Hungry, Angry,Lonely,Tired Addiction Education Supportive care during withdrawal
Methamphetamine Addiction
2nd only to Alcohol in usage in US- Most common in West and Midwest
Amphetamines Clinical Effect
CNS Stimulant- release of dopamine and some forms like methamphetamine -release of serotonin =increased neuro transmitters
Amphetamines S/S of Use
- Insomnia
- Elevated VS (Increased BP=Stroke)
- Restlessness
- Tremors (=Seizures)
- Pupillary Dilation
- Excessive Talking
- Increased Alertness
- Diaphoresis
- Convulsions
Amphetamines- Substances Used
Benzedrine Products (Nasal Decongestants),
Dexedrine (Diet products) & ( Anti-Drowsiness Products)
Ephedrine Products (Diet products) & (Cold Remedy Products)
Propranolamine Products (Diet Products) & (Cold Remedies)—(Can cause severe HTN and Death),
ADHD Medications (Concerta, Ritalin, Vyvance, Adderall)
Amphetamines Method of Use
Pills,Smoked,Injected
Amphetamine Withdrawal
fatigue Vivid, Unpleasant dreams Insomnia or hypersomnia Increased Appetite Depression Psychomotor Retardation or Agitation
Amphetamine Treatment Abuse
12 Step- NA Stinkin Thinkin- What keeps you using HALT-hungry,Angry,Lonely,Tired Addiction Education Supportive Care during Withdrawal
Please Note While Involved with Dopamine like Cocaine, Studies show Amphetamine Addiction is not as strong as Cocaine Addiction
Other Notes Amphetamines
Can’t die from Withdrawal with CNS Stimulants
Everything goes down in withdrawal with CNS Stimulants
Withdrawal= won’t go into severe distress- come back to neutral
The S/S you see in withdrawal with CNS Depressants is what you see in use of CNS Stimulants
The S/S you see in use with CNS Depressants is what you see in withdrawal of CNS Stimulants
base of Meth=amphetamines
If child dx with ADHD is not improving- ask child to point to which pill they take at home. Parents may be selling the child’s medication
Cocaine Clinical Effect
BLOCKS DOPAMINE REUPTAKE resulting in EXCESSIVE DOPAMINE and eventual DEPLETION of natural production of dopamine, also effects reuptake of the other neurotransmitters as well but to a lesser degree (Results in PERMENANT DEPLETION) = over chronic use- you deplete the dopamine and are always chasing the original high that they can never get
***Thing about Cocaine= It Surges Dopamine
Cocaine S/S Use
**Cardiac Arrhythmia’s
-tachycardia
-Elevated BP
-Perspiration
-N/V
-Nose bleeds
-Nasal Congestion
_insomnia
-Erosion of Nasal Septum
-Sniffing
-Seizures
-Increased Temp,Pulse,RR
***Psychological - Cocaine addict has depleted dopamine(CNS Stimulant) this can cause person to become severely depressed when coming down off withdrawal
Cocaine- Substances Used
“Crack”- Cocaine plus ammonia or baking soda and then heated to remove Hydrochloride-Smokeable Form -MOST ADDICTING- RAPID INTENSE HIGH
POWDERED, Hydrochloride sale, can be snorted or dissolved in H20 and injected
Short Acting-SNORTING high lasts 15-30 minutes while smoking lasts 5-10 minutes —-Short acting requires repeated dosing
***Persons S/S depends on how they use it
Cocaine- Withdrawal
- fatigue
- severe craving
- ***Depression-Severe, may turn suicidal d/t Dopamine depletion
- Irritability
- Insomnia
- Vivid, unpleasant Dreams
Cocaine- Adverse Effects
- SUDDEN DEATH- Cardiac Arrythmia’s/Increase in BP=Stroke
- Increase in pulmonary Disease including COPD and LUNG CANCER
- Destruction of Nasal Structures
Cocaine Treatment
12 Step-NA Stinkin Thinkin- What keeps u using HALT-Hungry,Angry,Lonely,Tired -Addiction Education -Supportive care in withdrawal
DON’T GIVE ANYTHING TO DECREASE S/S of Withdrawal***
- Use of the following:
- **Bromocriptine mesylate-(Rapidly reduces dopamine depletion &Decreases craving)
***Amantadine Hydrochloride
***Levadopa/Cardopa- parkinson Med- Converts to Dopamine in CNS/ ONLY GIVE with low Dopamine & SUICIDAL IDEATION
***Selegiline (Carbex & Eldepryl)- parkinson Med to increase Dopamine
***PARLODEL- is also given to increase Dopamine
ADHD Drugs/Stimulants
Stimulants given to patients with ADHD have the opposite effect of those in individuals receiving stimulants without ADHD
