Cephalometry Flashcards

Question

What is the chin (soft)?

Answer 1

* Soft tissue reference point | * Most forward point of the soft tissue chin

Answer 2

Cephalometry

Answer 3

* Orthodontic and orthognathic diagnosis and treatment planning * Orthodontic treatment outcomes evaluation * Study and monitor the growth of dentofacial structures * Functional study of jaw movement

Answer 4

1. Take cephalometric x-ray film + tracing paper 2. Cephalometric film tracing (hard vs. soft tissues) 3. Determine reference points and planes 4. Measure various variables (angular vs. linear) 5. Compare the measures with norms --> diagnosis

Answer 5

* Cephalostat (head holder) | * X-ray source

Answer 6

The Frankfort Horizontal Plane should be parallel to the floor.

Answer 7

* Radiographic image is always larger than the object being radiographed. * Superimposition of all bilateral structures occurs. * For the mandible, in a correctly positioned film, the lower border of the body on the side closer to the film is always superior to the image of the body in a distant from the film. * The posterior border of the ascending rams on the side closer to the film is always anterior to the image of the other rams.

Answer 8

* Out of focus * Movement * Half shadow phenomenon * Secondary radiation * Distortion * Double contours * Enlargement

Answer 9

* Skeletal points * Dental points * Soft tissue points

Answer 10

We construct by bisecting structures and projecting where it would be.

Answer 11

* Anterior cranial base * Frankfort horizontal plane * Occlusal plane * Palatal plane * Mandibular plane (3)

Answer 12

* Horizontal plane | * Nasion --> Sella

Answer 13

* Horizontal plane * Orbitale --> Porion * During tracings, make Frankfort Horizontal Plane parallel to the floor

Answer 14

* Horizontal plane | * Anterior nasal spine --> posterior nasal spine

Answer 15

``` • Horizontal plane • There are three: - Gonion --> gnathion - Gonion --> menton - Lower border of the mandible ```

Answer 16

* Horizontal plane * Involves bisecting * Bisect tip of upper and lower incisors, and find the highest point of posterior contact.

Answer 17

* NA, NB plane * Y-axis * McNamara line * Upper 1 axis * Lower 1 axis

Answer 18

* Vertical plane * Nasion-point A, Nasion-point B * Look at the difference between the two

Answer 19

* Vertical plane * sella --> gnathion. * Determines the direction of growth

Answer 20

* Vertical plane * Perpendicular to the Frankfort horizontal plane * Passes through the nasion

Answer 21

* Vertical plane | * Tip to root of maxillary incisor

Answer 22

* Vertical plane | * Tip to root of mandibular incisor

Answer 23

* Downs analysis * Riedel analysis * Steiner analysis * Ricketts analysis * Wits appraisal * McNamara analysis * Tweed analysis

Answer 24

Most commonly used analysis

Answer 25

Second most commonly used analysis

Answer 26

* Used at RSDM * Steiner created a sophisticated analysis based on one patient that he deemed ideal. He based all the information from that one patient.

Answer 27

* Specific to the position of maxilla and mandible in regards to bone. * This is the only thing it gives, and it's the best one. * Line from A perpendicular to the occlusal plane * Line from B perpendicular to the occlusal plane * Value of +3 indicates that the maxilla is too far forward, mandible too far back, or both.

Answer 28

* Used in Michigan | * Created by an influential and respected orthodontist

Answer 29

* An angle formed by sella-nasion-point A * Orthogonathic maxilla = 82 deg (Normal value) * Prognathic maxilla = >86 deg * Retrognathic maxilla = <78 deg

Answer 30

* An angle formed by sella-nasion-point B * Orthogonathic mandible = 80 deg (normal value) * Prognathic mandible >84 deg * Retrognathic mandible <76 deg

Answer 31

* ANB = SNA-SNB * Class I skeletal pattern = +2 deg (normal value) * Class II skeletal pattern >6 deg * Class III skeletal pattern <-1 deg

Answer 32

* Vertical relationship * Angle between Go-Gn (mandibular plane) and SN plane * Determines if patient is a vertical or horizontal grower * Standard is 33 deg

Answer 33

* Vertical relationship * Angle between Frankfort plane and Go-Gn (mandibular plane) * Brachyfacial patient will have small or parallel angle of mandible to Frankfort horizontal plane. * Average is 23 deg

Answer 34

* Vertical relationship * Angle between Y-axis (Sella --> Gnathion) and Frankfort horizontal plane * A small angle indicates a brachyfacial, horizontal grower, or class III. * Average is 59 deg

Answer 35

* Maxillary dentition * An angle between "upper central incisor" and SN plane * Increased by tongue thrusting, thumb sucking * Average is 102 deg

Answer 36

* Maxillary dentition * Angle between upper central incisor and "NA plane" * Average = 24 deg

Answer 37

* Distance between U1 and NA, measured in mm. * 0 = incisor tip on line * negative = behind * Positive = in front * Average = 4mm

Answer 38

* Mandibular dentition * Angle between "lower central incisor" (L1) and mandibular plane * If too large, angle with the Frankfort horizontal plane would be smaller * Used by Tweed to aim for a balanced face * Average = 90 deg

Answer 39

* Average = 25 deg * Mandibular dentition * Angle between "lower central incisor" (L1) and "NB plane"

Answer 40

* Average = 4 mm * Mandibular dentition * Distance between "lower central incisor" and "NB plane" in mm

Answer 41

• Soft tissue measurement • Between "base of nose" and "upper lip" •

Answer 42

* Soft tissue measurement * a line formed by tips of nose and tip of chin * Upper lip should be 1 mm behind this line * Lower lip touches line

Answer 43

• Soft tissue measurement • upper facial height = from "N" to "ANS" • LFH should be slightly greater than UFH. - 55% and 45% respectively

Answer 44

• Soft tissue measurement • lower facial height = from "ANS to "Me" • LFH should be slightly greater than UFH. - 55% and 45% respectively

Answer 45

* Sella turcica: center of hypophyseal fossa * Nasion: junction of frontal and nasal bones * A-point: innermost curve from the maxillary anterior nasal spine to the crest of the maxillary alveolar process (usually opposite root tip of maxillary central incisor) * B-point: innermost curvature from chin to alveolar junction (usually opposite root tip of lower central incisor) * Pogonion: most anterior point on the contour of the chin * Menton: lowest point on the symphysis; determined by using a line tangential to the lower border of the mandible * Gnathion: most outward and everted point on the profile curvature of the symphysis of the mandible (located midway between pogonion and mention) * Basion: anterior margin of the foramen magnum

Answer 46

* Orbitale: lowest point on the inferior border of the left and right orbital rims * Gonion: middle of the curvature of the left and right angles of the mandible * Articulare: posterior borders of mandibular rami, intersecting with basilar portion of the occipital bone * Porion: point midway between the top of the image of the left and right ear-rods of the cephalometer * Pterygomaxillary fissure: projected onto palatal plane; anterior wall represents max tuberosity outline, posterior wall the anterior curve of the pterygoid process * Key ridge

Answer 47

* Sella-nasion plane * Relatively stable anatomic structure * Completed early in the developmental process

Answer 48

* SNA * SNB * ANB * Maxillary incisor to NB * Maxillary Incisor to NA * Mandibular incisor to NB * Mandibular incisor to Go-Gn * Maxillary incisor to palatal plane * Mandibular plane to SN

Answer 49

* >38 deg --> open bite skeletal pattern * 32 deg --> normal vertical development * deep bite skeletal pattern

Cephalometry Flashcards

(73 cards)