Cephalosporins (CWI)

Question 1

Cephalosporins are ________ antibiotics closely related to penicillins

Answer 1

B lactam

Question 2

Cephalosporins tend to be ______ (more/less) resistant than the penicillins to B lactamases

Answer 2

more

Question 3

Cephalosporins are generally ineffective against?

Answer 3

L. monocytogenes
C. difficile
Enterococci

Question 4

First generation ceph act as a substitute for __________

Answer 4

penicillin G

Question 5

What is the antibacterial spectrum of first generation ceph?

Answer 5

G +ve cocci (S.aureus*/S.epidermidis/S. pneumonia/S.pyogens/Anaerobic streptococci)
G - ve rods (E.coli/K.pneu/Proteus.mirabilis)

Question 6

First generation ceph do not cover ________ and __________

Answer 6

MRSA

Bacteroides fragilis

Question 7

Name the first generation cephs.

Answer 7

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil

Question 8

Oral administration of _________ twice daily is effective against pharyngitis

Answer 8

Cephalexin

Question 9

___________ is the prototype of the first gen, oral cephs

Answer 9

Cephalexin

Question 10

_________ has a longer duration of action and is administered parenterally

Answer 10

Cefazolin

Question 11

__________ (first gen cephs) penetrates well into bone

Answer 11

Cefazoline

Question 12

Cefazolin is given _________
Cephalexin is given ________
(Route of administration)

Answer 12

Cefazolin - parenterally

Cephalexin - orally

Question 13

Name the second generation cephs.

Answer 13

Cefuroxime sodium
Cefuroxime axetil
Cefaclor
Cefotetan

Question 14

Sinus, ear, and respiratory infections caused by H influenzae or M catarrhalis can be treated by 2 cephs. Name them.

Answer 14

cefuroxime, cefaclor

Question 15

What is the antibacterial spectrum of second generation ceps?

Answer 15

Weak G +ve activity (S.pneumonia/S.pyogens/Anaerobic streptococci)
Strong G -ve activity
Rods(Enterobacter aerogenes/E.coli/H.influenza/K.pneumonia/P.mirabilis)
Cocci(Neisseria gonorrhea)

Question 16

Anaerobes like Bacteroides fragilis can be affected by __________ (2nd gen ceph)

Answer 16

cefotetan

cefoxitin(banned)

Question 17

Name the third gen cephs.

Answer 17

Ceftazidme
Cefotaxime
Cefoperaxone

Question 17

Name the third gen cephs.

Answer 17

Ceftazidme
Cefotaxime
Cefoperaxone

Question 18

Cefoxitin and cefotetan have anaerobic coverage. Is it true?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

What is the antibacterial spectrum of third gen cephs?

Answer 19

G +ve cocci (S.pneumonia /S.pyogens/Anaerobic streptococci)

G -ve Rods(Enterobacter aerogenes/ E.coli/ H.influenza /K.pneumonia/P.mirabilis/ P. aeruginosa/ serratia marcescens)

G -ve Cocci(Neisseria gonorrhea)

Question 20

Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are used for _________ (disease) caused by h influenza

Answer 20

meningitis

Question 21

ceftazidime is used for __________ (bacteria)

Answer 21

P. aeruginosa

Question 22

Third gen cephs and fluoroquinolones are known to cause __________

Answer 22

collateral damage

Question 23

WHat is collateral damage?

Answer 23

Secondary infxn due to usage of drug for example pseudomembranous colitis casued by c. difficile

Question 24

Cefepime is a _______ generation ceph

Answer 24

fourth

Question 25

Cefipime is administered ___________

Answer 25

parenterally

Question 26

Cefipime is effective against?

Answer 26

``` MSSA only Enterbacter aeruginosa H. influenza K. pneumonia E coli Proteus mirabilis P. aeruginosa ```

Question 27

Ceftaroline is ________ generation ceph

Answer 27

Advanced

Question 28

Ceftaroline is effective against _________ (MRSA/MSSA)

Answer 28

MRSA

Question 29

What are the two uses of ceftaroline?

Answer 29

Skin infections | Community acquired pneumonia

Question 30

What is the antibacterial spectrum of ceftaroline?

Answer 30

``` MRSA P. aeruginosa Extended spectrum B-Lactam (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriacea Acinetobactor baumanni G -ve activity similar to ceftriaxone ```

Question 31

Write down names of cephs that are administered orally

Answer 31

``` Cefadroxil Cephalexin Cefuroxime axetil Cefdinir Cefixime ```

Question 32

_______ is used in surgical prophylaxis caused by s. aureus

Answer 32

Cefazolin

Question 33

_________ is excreted in bile only so there's nothing to worry about if we give it in renal failure

Answer 33

Ceftriaxone

Question 34

What are the adverse effects of cephs?

Answer 34

hypersensitivity reactions | esp in people w/ penicilin allergy

Question 35

Hypersensitivity rxn are more w/ the use of ________ generation cephs

Answer 35

first

Question 36

Name the two cephs that cross BBB

Answer 36

Cefuroxime sodium | Cefotaxime

Question 37

____________ is used for community acquired bronchitis and pneumonia in elders and immunocompromised patients

Answer 37

Cefuroxime sodium