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Q2 Pharm ABX, Vomit > Cephalosporins (Lec 13) > Flashcards

Cephalosporins (Lec 13) Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Cephalosporins mechanism of action

A

blocks cross-link of peptidoglycan ->

activates cell wall autolytic enzymes

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2
Q

What part of the cephalosporin structure ↑ drug’s resistance to β-lactamase?

A

7-methyl group

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3
Q

1st generation cephalosporin active against?

A

Most G+ cocci
MSSA
some G-

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4
Q

1st generation cephalosporin prototype?

A

Cefazolin

DOC for surgical prophylaxis

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5
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin active against?

A

G-

lower against G+

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6
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin NOT active against?

A

pseudomona

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7
Q

1st generation cephalosporin spectrum is?

A

narrow

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8
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin spectrum is?

A

intermediate

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9
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin prototype?

A

Cefaclor

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10
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin spectrum is?

A

broad

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11
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins will penetrate?

A

CNS

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12
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin prototype?

A

Ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin is metabolized in the liver?

A

Cefoperazone

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14
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin very active against?

A

enterobacteriaceae

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15
Q

Some 3rd generation cephalosporin active against what if combined w/ aminoglycoside?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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16
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin Ceftriaxone is DOC for what bacteria?

A

n. gonorrheae

* not for neonates

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17
Q

4th generation cephalosporin drug is?

A

Cefepime IV

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18
Q

4th generation cephalosporin active against?

A

G+
pseudomonas
enterobacteriaceae
MSSA

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19
Q

4th generation cephalosporin specturm is?

A

most broad

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20
Q

Ceftaroline fosamil IV (unnamed cephalosporin) active against?

A

MRSA (binds to PBP2A)

VRSA

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21
Q

Which cephalosporin is DOC against

m. catarrhalis?

A

2nd or 3rd gen

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22
Q

Which cephalosporin is DOC against

n. gonorrhoeae?

A

ceftriaxone

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23
Q

Which cephalosporin is DOC against

e. coli, klebsiella, proteus?

A

1st or 2nd gen

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24
Q

Which cephalosporin is DOC against

salmonella

A

3rd gen

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25
Which cephalosporin is DOC against | PCN-resistant strep pneumoniae?
ceftriaxone
26
Which cephalosporin is DOC against | b. burgdorferi?
ceftrioxone (late)
27
Cephalosporin toxicity causes? (3)
1) superinfections 2) allergy 3) renal tube necrosis
28
What superinfections can cephalosporin cause? (4)
1) enterococci 2) G- bacilli 3) pseudomembranous colitis 4) candida
29
What drug is a monobactim?
Aztreonam
30
Aztreonam's unique structure?
monocyclic β-lactam ring
31
Aztreonam active against?
G- aerobic rods
32
Aztreonam resistant to?
β-lactamases
33
Aztreonam is not active against?
G+ and anaerobes
34
Aztreonam has no cross sensitivity w/?
other β-lactams making it a good sub for PCN allergies
35
Broad spectrum, IV carbapenem drugs?
Imipenem | Meropenem
36
Imipenem and meropenem active against?
G- and G+ | stable against β-lactamases
37
Imipenem and meropenem are DOC for what type of infections?
β-lactamase producing (G-): enterobacter citrobacter serratia
38
Imipenem must be administered in comb w/?
cilastatin (dihydropepdidases inhibitor): | kidney dihydropepdidases rapidly inactive Imipenem
39
Side-effect of imipenem at high levels?
seizures
40
Carbapenem drug Ertapenem active against?
anaerobes, G- and G+ BUT not pseudomonas | stable against β-lactamases
41
Vancomycin mechanism of action?
ICWS (not β-lactam) | binds D-ala preventing cross-link of peptidoglycan chains
42
Vancomycin active against?
G+ | methicillin-resistant
43
Vancomycin adverse effects? (3)
1) ototoxic 2) nephrotoxic 3) red man synd (histamine flushing)
44
Fosfomycin mechanism of action?
ICWS (not β-lactam) | prevents NAG to NAM reduction inhibiting cell wall synth
45
Fosfomycin active against?
G+ and G-
46
Fosfomycin primarily used for?
uncomplicated lower UTI in women
47
Bacitracin mechanism of action?
ICWS (not β-lactam) | prevents transport of NAG-NAM across inner membrane inhibiting cell wall synth
48
Bacitracin active against?
G+
49
Bacitracin primary route of tx?
topical
50
Why isn't Bacitracin used parenterally?
high risk of nephrotoxicity
51
Bacitracin typically used in combo w/?
neomycin and polymyxin (against G-)
52
Cycloserine mechanism of action?
(not β-lactam) | inhibits D-ala
53
Cycloserine is second-line for what 2 types of infections?
1) TB | 2) UTI
54
Cycloserine is bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
both
55
Cycloserine adversely effects?
CNS: HA depression psychosis
56
DOC for m. catarrhalis
(G- cocci) | TMP-SMZ, cephalosporin (2nd or 3rd gen)
57
DOC for n. gonorrhoeae
(G- cocci) ceftriaxone cefpodoxime
58
DOC for enterobacter
(G- rods, aerobic) | TMP-SMZ, carbapenem
59
DOC for citrobacter
(G- rods, aerobic) | TMP-SMZ, carbapenem
60
DOC for serratia
(G- rods, aerobic) | TMP-SMZ, carbapenem
61
DOC for salmonella
(G- rods, aerobic) | TMP-SMZ, cephalosporin (3rd gen)
62
DOC for methicillin-resistane G+ cocci?
vancomycin
63
DOC for bacillus G+ aerobic rods?
vancomycin
64
DOC for late b. burdorferi?
(spirochete) | ceftriaxone

Q2 Pharm ABX, Vomit (13 decks)

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