Cerebellum

Question 1

What are the roles of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

1. Coordination of limb, trunk, and oculomotor
2. Balance and equilibrium
3. Muscle tone
4. Motor control
5. Motor learning

Question 2

Describe the location of the cerebellum.

Answer 2

Located in the posterior fossa. Dorsal to midbrain.

Question 3

What separates the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 3

Primary fissure

Question 4

What are folia of the cerebellum?

Answer 4

The little ridges on the surface of cerebellum.

Question 5

What does the posterolateral fissure seperate?

Answer 5

The flocculonodular lobe and the posterior lobe.

Question 6

What two components make up the flocculonodular lobe.

Answer 6

The flocculus and the nodulus

Question 7

What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect and what type of information travels through it?

Answer 7

• Connects the midbrain and the cerebellum.

- Primarily efferent information, but a few afferent.

Question 8

What does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect and what type of information travels through it?

Answer 8

• Connects the pons to the cerebellum.

- Carries afferent fibers only.

Question 9

What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect and what type of information travels through it?

Answer 9

• Connects the medulla and the cerebellum.

- Afferent and efferent fibers.

Question 10

What is a defining feature of the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 10

It decussates in caudal midbrain at level of interior colliculi.

Question 11

What are the 3 different regions of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

1. Cerebrocerebellum
2. Spinocerebellum
3. Vestibulocerebellum

Question 12

Describe the cerebrocerebellum region.

Answer 12

• It carries input to/form cortex.

- Involved in planning and initiation of movement.

Question 13

Describe the spinocerebellum region.

Answer 13

• Carries input to/from spinal cord.
• Vermis = trunk movement; posture, proximal limb movement, eye movement
• Intermediate zone = extremity movement; integrates input about appendicular limb position and somatosensory input.

Question 14

Describe the vestibulocerebellum region.

Answer 14

• Carries input to/from vestibular labyrinth

- Maintenance of equilibrium, balance and posture, vestibulo-ocular control.

Question 15

What is the cerebellums main function for motor function?

Answer 15

It provides modulatory (inhibitory) effects on motor function.

Question 16

What type of cells provide major output of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

Purkinje cells.

Question 17

What are the 2 origins of input for the cerebellum?

Answer 17

1. Pontocerebellar fibers

2. Olivocerebellar fibers

Question 18

Where do the pontocerebellar fibers originate from and what is the function of these fibers?

Answer 18

• From the pontine nuclei.
• Involved in planning and control of precise dexterous movements of the extremities.
• Largest cortical contributors: PrimC, PriSC, visual cortex

Question 19

Where do the olivocerebellar fibers originate from and what is the function of these fibers?

Answer 19

• From inferoir olivary complex.

- Involved in motor learning and motor memory processes.

Question 20

What are 4 different spinocerebellar pathways that relay cerebellar input?

Answer 20

1. Dorsal Spinocerebellar tract
2. Cuneocerebellar tract
3. Ventral spinocerebellar tract
4. Rostral spinocerebellar tract

Question 21

What type of input does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract provide to the cerebellum?

Answer 21

Afferent info about LE limb movement.

- Is subconscious perception from intrafusal and joint receptors.

Question 22

What type of input does the cuneocerebellar tract provide to the cerebellum?

Answer 22

Afferent info about UE/neck limb movements.

- Is subconscious perception from intrafusal and joint receptors.

Question 23

What type of input does the ventral spinocerebellar tract provide to the cerebellum?

Answer 23

Afferent info about activity of LE spinal cord interneurons from intrafusal fibers and GTOs.

Question 24

What type of input does the rostral spinocerebellar tract provide to the cerebellum?

Answer 24

Afferent info about activity of UE/neck spinal cord interneurons from intrafusal fibers and GTOs.

Question 25

Describe the somatotopic organization of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum going from rostral to caudal.

Answer 25

Leg --> arm --> head

Question 26

Describe the somatotopic organization of the posterior lobe of the cerebellum going from rostral to caudal.

Answer 26

Head --> arm --> leg

Question 27

What are the 2 structures that all output from the cerebellum travel through?

Answer 27

1. Deep cerebellar nuclei - Dentate - Emboliform - Globose - Fastigial 2. Vestibular nuclei

Question 28

Where do the dentate nuclei receive projections of information from?

Answer 28

Receive projections from lateral cerebellar hemispheres about motor planning.

Question 29

What is the name for the emboliform and globose nuclei?

Answer 29

Interposed nuclei

Question 30

Where do the interposed nuclei receive projections of information from?

Answer 30

Receive projections from intermediate cerebellar hemispheres about input for the extremity movement.

Question 31

Where do the fastigial nuclei receive projections of information from?

Answer 31

Receive projections from vermis and part of flocculonodular lobe.

Question 32

Where do the vestibular nuclei receive projections of information from?

Answer 32

Receive projections from inferior vermis and majority of flocculonodular node.

Question 33

What type of information does the cerebrocerebellum output pathways convey?

Answer 33

Motor planning and motor initiation of limbs.

Question 34

What type of information from the spinocerebellum (vermis region) output pathways convey?

Answer 34

Posture, postural limb movement, and eye movement.

Question 35

What type of information from the spinocerebellum (intermediate zone region) output pathways convey?

Answer 35

Integrates input about appendicular limb position and somatosensory input.

Question 36

What region of the cerebellum does the PICA supply?

Answer 36

Anterior lobe, superior vermis, superior intermediate zone, and small part of lateral hemisphere.

Question 37

What region of the cerebellum does the AICA supply?

Answer 37

Tippy top point of lateral hemisphere/posterior lobe, all the peduncles, flocculus, partial tonsil, and posterio-lateral fissure

Question 38

What region of the cerebellum does the SCA supply?

Answer 38

Posterior lobe, inferior vermis, nodulus, and partial tonsil.