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Cerebellum Flashcards

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1
Q

2 functions of cerebellum

A
  1. Modulate movement i.e. error dectection

2. Learning new motor skills

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2
Q

What side of the body does the cerebellum control?

A

Ipsislateral

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3
Q

What happens if you do not have a cerebellum

A

Clumsy and uncoordinated movement

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4
Q

What is on the superior border?

A

Occipital lone

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5
Q

What is on the ventral border?

A

4th ventricle

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6
Q

What are folia?

A

External transverse folds

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7
Q

What is arbore vitae

A

tree like appearance

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8
Q

What connects the the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

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9
Q

Inferior\Restiform Peduncle - Location

A

Dorsalateral aspect of the medulla

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10
Q

Inferior\Restiform Peduncle - Input\output

A

Vestibuli nerve & nuclei

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11
Q

Inferior\Restiform Peduncle - Connected to?

A

Medulla & spinal cord

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12
Q

Middle\Brachium - Input system

A

Cortex to pontine nuclei to middle peduncle

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13
Q

Superior Peduncle\ Brachium conjunctivum - Output or Input system?

A

Output system decussate in the midbrain to reach VA\VL

Decussate over quadrageia to medial leniscus to VA\VL nuclei in thalamus

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14
Q

Which peduncle provides the only connection to the cortex

A

Middle peduncle

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15
Q

What does the primary fissure seperate?

A

Anterior & posterior lobe

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16
Q

What separates the posterolateral fissure?

A

Separates posterior & flocculondular lobes

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17
Q

Tonsil - where is it located

A

Superior to forament magnum

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18
Q

How can the tonsil herniate?

A

Increases intercranial pressure

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19
Q

Flocculonodular\Vestibulocerebellum\Archiocerebellum Lobe
Function:
Input:
Output:

A

Function: Vestibular function, regulates balance, stabilization of eyes during head movements

Input: Vestibuli apparatus\nuclei (Inferior peduncle), ipsilateral

Output: Vestibuli apparatus\nuclei through inferior peduncle

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20
Q

Spinocerebellum or Paleocerebellum
Function:
Input:

A

Function: Adjust muscle tone & movement
Input: Spinal cord

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21
Q

Cerebrocerebellum\Pontocerebellum\Neocerebellum
Function:
Input:

A

Function: Planning, initiation & learning new movements
Input: Contralateral cortex through the pontine nucleus

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22
Q

Name the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei

A

F-I-D
Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Dentate nucleus

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23
Q

Role of the cerebellar nuclei

Study These Flashcards
A

Integrate cerebellar output to white matter

24
Q

Fastigeal Nucli
Input
Location:

Study These Flashcards
A

Input: Vermis
Location: Spinocerebellum

25
Interpossed Nuclei Input: Location:
Input: Intemediate zone of cortex Location: Cerebrocerebellum
26
Detate Nuclei Output: Location:
Output: Superior peduncle (decussate in tn the midbrain) | Location Cerebrocerebellum
27
Three layers of Cerebellar cortex
1. Granular Layer 2. Purkinje Layer 3. Molecular Layer
28
5 different cell types
``` P-I-G-M-C P. Purkinje Cells I. Inhibitory Neurons G. Granular cells M. Mossy Fibres C. Climbing Fibres ```
29
Name 2 cells that provide input? | How do they differ?
1. Mossey Fibres Input from cerebral cortext through cortico-pontinie- cerebellar fibres 1 cell terminates on many fibres 2. Climbing Fibres Input from inferior olive through inferior peduncle 1 cell terminates on 1 to 2 purkinje fibres (more specific)
30
What is the role of the granular cells?
Recieve input from mossy fibres and synapse with purkinje cells in molecular layer. They have weak signals so many of their parralel ibres must be activated siultaously to have an effect
31
What layer do granular cells synapse with mossy fibres
Granular Layers
32
Name the cell that provides output from cerebellum?
Purkinje fiberes
33
Where do purkinje fibres terminate?
Vestibuli nuclei or Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (F-I-D)
34
Name the inhibitiry nuclei
Basket cells Golgi nuclei Stellate cells
35
What NT do all 5 of the cell types except granular cells use?
GABA = inhibitory
36
What NT do granular cells use?
Glutamate = ecitatory
37
Define Inhibitory Sculpting
Output from the cerebellum is modified by inhibitory signalas from purkije fibres
38
What synapse is the most important for learning & memory or error correction?
Granular cell parrelles fibres & purkinje fibres
39
How does short term error correction differ from long term motor learning (error correction)?
Short Term * Few minutes * Local inhibition Long Term * 30 minutes * Change in the synthesis of membrane receptors
40
Describe synaptic depression or error correction (high level)
1. Pontine nucleus recognizes error and activates climbing fibers 2. Climbing fibers synapse with Purkinjee Fibres 3. Parallel fibers of granular cells that synapse with the same Purkinjee Fibre will be inhbited if their signal arrives at the Pur. Fiber at the same time as the error signal from the climning fiber arrives
41
Describe synaptic depression or error correction (molecular level)
With synaptic depression 1. Ca enters the purkinjee fiber due to climbing fiber activation AND Glu receptors are activated by Parrelel fibres from granular cells 2. These 2 signals together activate protein kinase C 3. PkC phosphorylates AMPA receptors which are then internalized so it results in a decreased response the next time the cells are activated
42
Example of Long term motor learning
Correction of VOR following vestibular damage
43
Name the three main functional regions of the cerebellum
1. Spinocerebellum 2. Cerebrocerebellum 3. Vestibulocrebellum
44
Spinocerebellum Function Input Output Nuclei
Function: Regulates muscle tone & execution of movement Input: Proprioceptive, visual & auditory Information Output: 1. Vermis purkinje fibres that go to FASTIGIAL NUCLEUS 2. Intermediate zone purkinje fibers go to INTERPOSED NUCLEI
45
Spinocerebellum Input Name pathways\tracts that provide input Which peduncle do the inputs arrive through
``` Spinocerebellar pathway Dorsalspinocerebellar (lower limb) Cuneocerebellar (upper limb) Visual information Auditory information ``` Inferior Peduncle
46
``` Spinocerebellum Output pathway 1 Which fibers? Which peduncle? Which side? Which nucleus? Where does the nucleus send signals ```
``` Purkinje fibers in the vermis Inferior peduncle Ipsilateral side terminiate of Fastigile nucleus Nucleus sends signals to - Thalamus and then cortex - Vestibuli nuclei - Brainstem (bilateral, influences descending pathways) - Reticular formation ```
47
``` Spinocerebellum - Output pathway 2 Which fibers? Which side? Which nucleus? Where does the nucleus send signals through which peduncle? ```
Purkinjee fibers in the intermediate zone Ipsilateral Interposed nucleus Contra lateral red nucleus = influence trunk muscles activity through corticospinal tract
48
Cerebrocerebellum | Steps & decussation in INPUT pathway
Cerebral Cortex (through ipsilateral corticospinal tract) Pontine Nuclei (transverse pontine fibers) Decussation in pons Middle cerebellar peducnce
49
Cerebrocerebellum | Steps & decussation in INPUT pathway
Cerebral Cortex (through ipsilateral corticospinal tract) Potine Nuclei Decussation in pons Middle cerebellar peducnce
50
Cerebrocerebellum | Steps & decussation in OUPUT pathway
Purkinjee Fibres Ipsilateral Dentate nucleus Superior Peduncle Ducussate in the midbrain Thalamus VL OR Red Nucleus Corex OR Inferior Olive Decussate in medulla Inferior peduncle
51
Cerebrocerebellum | Define molleret triange
Two points of decusation Disruption = incordination Red nucleus to Cerebellum (Denate nucleus) to Inferior Olive
52
Cerebrocerebellum | Name the pathway between red nucleus to inferior olive
Dentatorubral tract
53
Cerebrocerebellum | Name the pathway between thalamus to cortex
Dentatothalamic tract
54
Vestibulocerebellum Function Input Output
Function: Balance & reflex eye movement Location: Flocculonodular Input: Vestibular apparatus & nuclei Output: Ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
55
Vestibulocerebellum | Input pathway
Vestibular apparatus & nuclei Inferior cerebellar peduncle Terminate ipsislaterally as mossy fibers
56
Vestibulocerebellum | Ouput pathway
Purkinjee fibers exit through inferior peduncle Terminate on ipsilateral vestibular apparatus & nuclei Influence vestibulospinal and vestibulo-ocular reflex
57
Which Purkinjee Fibers are the only ones that do not terminate on the Deep Cerebellum Nuclei
Vestibulocerebellum

Neuro III (8 decks)

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