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anatomy exam 3 > cerebellum > Flashcards

cerebellum Flashcards

0
Q

important fissures

A

primary fissure

posterolateral fissure

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1
Q

cerebellum functions

A

regulates equilibrium
controls muscle tone and posture
provides motor coordination for voluntary movements
- in the near future (plans motor actions in space and time)
- during execution (adjusts the output of the motor cortex and several motor nuclei)

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2
Q

primary fissure

A

divides the body of the cerebellum into anterior and posterior lobes

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3
Q

posterolateral fissure

A

separates flocculonodular lobe from body of cerebellum

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4
Q

midline of cerebellum

A

vermis

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5
Q

hemispheres

A

medial- adjacent to vermis

lateral - adjacent to medial hem.

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6
Q

three cerebellar peduncles

A

attach cerebellum to brainstem

inferior, middle, superior

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7
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)

A

inputs from spinal cord and brainstem; monitors muscle and limb movement
-juxtarestiform body: interconnects vestibular nuclei and cerebellum

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8
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis)

A

largest, lateral to pons, afferents from contralateral basis pontis; relays motor signals from cortex

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9
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum)

A

efferent to red nucleus and thalamus

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10
Q

cerebellar deep nuclei

A

Dentate- contributes most fibers in SCP
Interposed - emboliform and globose
Fastigal

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11
Q

Cerebellar Circuitry: overview

A
  • inputs arrive via ICP, MCP(mostly) and project to cortex
  • cortex does its thing
  • cortex sends info to deep nuclei
  • deep nuclei send projections (mostly SCP) to other parts of brain
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12
Q

describe the structure of the cerebellar cortex

A
  • uniform throughout
  • three layers
    1. molecular layer at top- contains purkinje cell dendrites, granule neuron axons
    2. purkinje cell layer- only axons to leave cortex
    3. granule layer
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13
Q

three fibers

A

climbing fiber
mossy fiber
parallel fiber

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14
Q

climbing fiber

A

axon from contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

- major cortical input

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15
Q

mossy fiber

A

input from brainstem (pons), vestibular system, spinal cord (sensory)
-major cortical input

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16
Q

parallel fiber

A

axon from granule neuron/cell

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17
Q

climbing fibers come from the

A

inferior olivary nuclei

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18
Q

climbing fibers ________ _________, ascend ________ _______ enter cerebellum

A

emerge medially, contralateral ICP

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19
Q

Climbing fibers divide into __________, synapse as ?

A

5 to 10 branches, synapse as the only climbing fiber on a purkinje cell

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20
Q

climbing fibers regulate

A

purkinje cell firing

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21
Q

inferior olivary nucleus gets info from

A

spinal cord, red nucleus, cerebral cortex

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22
Q

mossy and climbing fibers send collaterals to

A

deep nuclei before axon enters cortex

23
Q

purkinje cell axons end in

A

deep nuclei

24
Q

deep nuclei have 2 neuronal populations

A
  • source of mossy fibers into cortex

- projection neurons whose axons leave cerebellum

25
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle brings

A

motor signals from cerebral cortex into the cerebellum

26
Q

the deep nuclei are the predominant means for

A

information resulting from cerebellar cortical processing to leave the cerebellum

27
Q

each cerebellar zone is related to a

A

particular deep nucleus

28
Q

vestibulocerebellum

A

flocculonodular lobe
vermis(parts)
fastigial nucleus

29
Q

spinocerebellum

A

paravermal (medial hemisphere) area

interposed nucleus

30
Q

pontocerebellum (neocerebellum)

A

lateral hemisphere

projects to dentate nucleus

31
Q

vestibulocerebellum input

A
  • vestibular end organ

- vestibular nuclei

32
Q

vestibulocerebellum cerebellar location

A
  • flocculonodular lobe

- vermis (part of)

33
Q

vestibulocerebellum output

A

fastigial nucleus

-vestibular nuclei

34
Q

vestibulocerebellum function

A
  • control of eye movements in response to head movements

- balance

35
Q

spinocerebellum input

A
  • spinal cord (spinocerebellar tracts)

- brainstem (trigeminal afferents)

36
Q

spinocerebellum cerebellar location

A
  • paravermal area

- vermis (part of)

37
Q

spinocerebellum output

A

interposed nucleus

  • red nucleus (magnocellular portion)
    - rubrospinal and reticulospinal pathways
  • VA/VL of thalamus
    - limb area of primary motor cortex
38
Q

spinocerebellum function

A

coordination of trunk and limb movements

39
Q

pontocerebellum input

A

motor cortex- basilar pons- middle cerebellar peduncle

40
Q

pontocerebellum cerebellar location

A

lateral cerebellar hemisphere

41
Q

pontocerebellum output

A

dentate nucleus

  • red nucleus (parvocellular portion)
    - inferior olivary nucleus
  • VA/VL of thalamus
    - all motor cortex and parietal lobe
42
Q

pontocerebellum function

A
  • planning the timing of movements especially those of the upper extremity
  • coordination of speech
43
Q

functions of lateral hemispheres

A

planning learned, skillful movements, those that become more precise and rapid with practice

44
Q

injury to lateral hemisphere

A

involvement of arm and speech

  • intention tremor
  • dysdiadochokinesia- rapid alternating movements
  • dysmetria- finger to nose test
  • dysarthria- scanning or explosive speech
45
Q

functions of medial hemispheres

A

adjusting limb movements

46
Q

functions of vermis

A

postural adjustments

47
Q

injury to vermis

A

truncal ataxia, disturbances in balance while seated, also standing and gait ataxia

48
Q

functions of flocculus and vermis

A

eye movements

injury: nystagmus, back and forth eye movements

49
Q

cerebellum is involved in

A

motor learning and cognition

50
Q

principal inputs to cerebellar cortex

A

projections

  • vermis: fastigal
  • Medial hemisphere: interposed
  • Lateral hemisphere: dentate
51
Q

principal output from cerebellar nuclei

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

52
Q

one side of cerebellums affects

A

ipsilateral side of body

53
Q

one cerebral hemisphere controls

A

contralateral muscles

54
Q

one half of cerebellum influences

A

ipsilateral limbs

55
Q

cerebellum projects to

A

contralateral thalamus

anatomy exam 3 (3 decks)

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