Cerebellum

Question 1

Vermal Zone

connection

Answer 1

Fastigial Nucleus (to the vestibular nucleus and pontine reticular formation)
Control of axial musculature, posture & balance, integration of head and movements

Question 2

Paravermal Zone

connection

Answer 2

Red nucleus via Interposed Nucleus (to rubrospinal tract)

Fine tunes movement of distal limbs

Question 3

Lateral (hemispheric) Zone

connection

Answer 3

Dentate Nucleus

Higher level coordination of movement (inc. planning and initiation)

Question 4

Flocculo-nodular Lobe

connection

Answer 4

Does NOT have connections to deep nuclei but to vestibular nucleus

Question 5

Inferior and Middle Peduncles

Answer 5

Input (inf from spinal cord, middle from cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei)

Question 6

Superior Peduncle

Answer 6

Output (to cerebral cortex via thalamus)

Question 7

Cerebellar Deficits

Answer 7

ALWAYS IPSILATERAL
Equilibrium, Tone, Synergy
No loss of sensation or strength
Must involve large regions of cortex or deep nuclei to be noticeable

Question 8

Flocculo-nodular Lobe

Answer 8

aka Vestibulocerebellum
Input: vestibular organs
Output: vestibular nucleus

Question 9

Paleocerebellum

Answer 9

aka Spinocerebellum
vermal and paravermal cortex
Input: spine afferents
Output: motor control (eg. red nucleus)

Question 10

Corticocerebellum

Answer 10

aka Cerebrocerebellum, Neocerebellum
Lateral parts
Interconnected with cerebral cortices
NO direct primary afferent INPUT but lots of other inputs from CONTRALATERAL cortex

Question 11

Cerebellar Deficits

HANDS Tremor

Answer 11

H - Hypotonia (anterior lobe)
A - Ataxia (dysdiadochokinesia [impaired rapid alternating], dysmetria, decomposition)
N - Nystagmus
D - Dysarthia
S - Stance and Gait probs
T - Tremor

Question 12

Climbing Fibers

Answer 12

Afferent to cerebellar cortex
From contralateral Inferior Olivary Nucleus
Directly excite (a few) Purkinje cells
Powerful input (many connections)
[role in motor learning involving glutamate]

Question 13

Mossy Fibers

Answer 13

Afferent to cerebellar cortex
From wide variety of sources eg. contralateral pontine gray (all but ION) - parietal association contributes
Excite (large number of) granule cells, that via parallel fibers, excite Purkinje cells
Weaker input (must sum for AP)

Question 14

Purkinje Cell Activity …

Answer 14

TURNS OFF the deep nuclei

Question 15

Purkinje Cell Lateral Inhibition …

Answer 15

By basket and stellate cells, results in disinhibition of deep cerebellar neurons (Purkinje cells can even fire spontaneous AP)

Question 16

VOR

Answer 16

Vestibular-Ocular-Reflex maintains constancy of visual field during head movements

Question 17

Parietal association cortex

Answer 17

integrates visual and somatosensory info about target and limb in order to grip (proprioception)
Sends calculations to premotor cortex
that sends further calculations to the primary motor cortex
THIS CONTAINS AN INTERNAL MODEL OF THE SYSTEM THAT MAKES PREDICTIONS