Cerebellum

Question 1

Cerebellum does

Answer 1

Motor planning
Balance, postural adjustment
Correction of ongoing voluntary movements

Also gets non con propripoception from muscle spindles and golgi tendons

Question 2

Fissures

Answer 2

Primary - separates anterior and posterior

Posterolateral - separates body from flocculonodular lobe

Question 3

Medial and lateral regions

Answer 3

Vermis - lungula rostral and nodule caudal

Lateral - hemispheres with an intermediate and lateral part

Question 4

Efferents from cerebellum

Answer 4

Superior - to contralateral thalamus and contralateral brainstem (red nucleus and vest nuclei_)

INferior - ipsilateral brainstem (minimal to vestib nuclei)

Question 5

Superior and middle affarents

Answer 5

Sup - from ipsi spinal cord (ASCT)

Middle - from contralateral cortex via pontine nuclei (pontocerebellar tract)

Question 6

Inferior affarents

Answer 6

Ipsi spinal cord (PSCT)

Ipsi BS - Lateral cuneate nucleus, vestibular nuclei, RF

Contra BS via inferior olive

Question 7

Molecular layer `

Answer 7

Parallel fibers = axcons of granule cells
Dendrites of underlying P cells
Stellate and basket cells carry inhibitory tone

Question 8

Purkinje layer

Answer 8

Purkinje cell bodies (GABA)…2D

Sole output of cerebellar cortex to white matter of cerebellum

Question 9

Granular layer

Answer 9

Granule cells - excitatory to all other kinds of cells…become parallel fibers
A few larger golgi cells (GABA)

Question 10

Layers of input for pons, spinal cord, brainstem, IO

Answer 10

All go to granular later granule cells except for IO (climbing fibers) that go straight to Purkinje cells

Question 11

Mossy fibers and sources

Answer 11

Rgulate Purkinje neurons indirectly via synaptic contact with granule cells and paralell fibers

Contralateral pontocerebellar
Ipsi Spinocerebellar, cuneocerebellar, vestbiulocerebellar, reticulocerebellar

Question 12

Climbing fibers and sources

Answer 12

Regulate Purkinjie neurons via direct contract

Contralateral IO as olivocerebellar

Question 13

IO affarnets

Answer 13

Cortex
RN
Contralateral spinal cord (primary from muscle spindles)

Compares motor info from RN and cortext operiphery

Question 14

IO efferents

Answer 14

Olivocerebellar fibers to the inferior cerebellar peduncle which modify efficiency and produce LT changes in cerebellar iutput

Question 15

Nuclei of the spinal cord from lateral to medial and inputs

Answer 15

Dentate - Inputs from cortex via pontine

Interposed - inputs from spinal cord and lateral cuneate nucleus

Fastigial nucleus - inputs from VN, RF

Question 16

Functional divisions from lateral to medial and attached nuclei

Answer 16

Cerebrocerebellum (dentate)…lateral hemispheres
Spinocerebellum (interposed and fastigial)…inclues intermediate and vermis
Vestbiulocerebellum (fastigial)…flocculonodular lobe

Question 17

Cerebrocerebellum function and affarents

Answer 17

Motor planning and coordination of movements…firing changes before voluntayr movements occur

Contralateral corticopontocerebellar inputs via the middle cerebellar peduncles

Question 18

Cerebrocerebellum efferent

Answer 18

Output from dentate nucleus to contralateral cortex…dentate - DSCP - thalamus (VL) - cx (motor)

Then from cortex to contralateral spinal cord via lateral corticospinal tract

Question 19

Spinocerebellum IM portion function and afarent

Answer 19

Regulates limb adjustments…non con from spindles and golgi tendons…firing changes during movement

Posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts to interposed nucleus

Cuneocerebellar tract to interposed nucleus

Question 20

Efferent of spinocerebellum IM portion

Answer 20

From interposed nucleus to lateral descending ystems

Interposed - DSCP - thalamus (VL) - cx - PD - spinal cord = lateral corticospinal tract (same as cerebrocerebellum)

Also, interposed - DSCP - red nucleus (magno) - MD crossing - spinal cord = rubrospianl tract (facilitates flexor and inhibits extensors)

Question 21

Spinocerebellum (Vermis) function and afferents

Answer 21

Regulates postural adjustments

Affarents from posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts below T6 to fastigial

and cuneocerebellar tracts above T6 to fastigial

Question 22

Efferents of spinocerebellum (vermis)

Answer 22

Fastigial nucleus to medial descending systems

Fastigial - DSCP - thalamus (VL) - cx - spinal cord = ventral corticospinal

Fastigial - RF - spinal cord = reticulospinal tract (extensor of vertebral column)

Question 23

Vestibulocerebellum function and affarent

Answer 23

Balance and head movement

Primary via vestbiular ganglion from semicircular canals and otolith organs

Seocndary via vestibular nuclei

Question 24

Efferents of vestbiulocerebellum

Answer 24

From fastigial to spinal cord via VN

Lateral - to facilitate extensor of axial region

Med - to facilitate neck muscles for head positioning

Question 25

Tracts associated with cerebrocerebellum, spinocerebellum, and vestbiulocerebellum

Answer 25

Cerebro - lateral corticospinal Spino - Rubro and lateral corticospinal (interposed) and vestbiulospinal, reticulospianl, and ventral corticospinal (fastigial) Vestbiulocerebellum - medial and lateral vestbiulospainal

Question 26

Functions of cerebrocerebellum, spinocerebellum, and vestbiulocerebellum

Answer 26

Motor planning and coordiation Interposed - motor adjustment of distal limbs Fastigail - motor adjustment of axial and proximal Vestbiular - balance and nead movements

Question 27

Blood supply of cerebellum

Answer 27

PICA - posterior AICA - flocculonodular lobe SCA- anteiro Vertebral system

Question 28

Cerebrocerebellum lesion

Answer 28

Could be from PICA stroke Neocerebellar syndrome - dysmetira, terminal tremor, and dysdiadochokinesia

Question 29

Spinocerebellum lesions

Answer 29

Could be from SCA stroke Anterior lobe syndrome - common in alcoholics Decreased muslce tone and postural instability Broad based gait, ataxia, dose NOT imporve if laying down

Question 30

Vestibulocerebellu, lesion

Answer 30

Could be from AICA Affects balance Ataxic gate and wide based stance but imporoves if lying down...also no hx of alcohol