cerebellum

Question 1

• means pretty brain
• large cerebellum means large cerebrum
• most organized portion of the nervous system
• algorithm

Answer 1

cerebellum facts

Question 2

what is the cerebellum cortex located

Answer 2

outer portion

Question 3

where is the cerebellum nuclei located

Answer 3

under the cortex

in the white matter

Question 4

what are the three pairs of cerebellar nuclei

Answer 4

fastigial
interposed
dentate

Question 5

all info that leaves the cerebellum goes through

Answer 5

one of the cerebellar nuclei

Question 6

most medial cerebellar nuclei

Answer 6

fastigial

Question 7

in primates

located between the other two cerebellar nuclei

Answer 7

interposed

Question 8

most lateral cerebellar nuclei

Answer 8

dentate

Question 9

how does the cerebellum connect to the brain stem

Answer 9

• 3 large fiber tracts

- these tracts account for all entering and leaving fiber

Question 10

what are the 3 large tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem

Answer 10

superior cerebellar peduncle
middle cerebellar peduncle
inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 11

• only tract that carrier info out of the cerebellum

- all the fibers are coming from cerebellar subcortical nuclei and carrying info out of cerebellum

Answer 11

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 12

• brodmanns 4

- primarily carries info from cerebrum to cerebellum

Answer 12

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 13

• carries input into cerebellum from spinal cord, vestibular nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 13

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 14

• involved with motor control
• no perceptual role
• not conscious or sensory
• develops from alar plate
• main purpose is setting up motor activities
• responsible for coordination and computation of complex movement

Answer 14

general cerebellum function

Question 15

• extensors and flexors are simply muscles or motor units

- need to contracted and relaxed in a certain order

Answer 15

antagonistic control by cerebellum

Question 16

computing timing uses the

Answer 16

entire cerebellum

Question 17

computing force- how many muscles needed for a function- uses the

Answer 17

cortex of the cerebellum

Question 18

if any damage occurs to the cerebellum a person has an _______ tremor

Answer 18

intentional

Question 19

at rest there is no visible tremor- only during voluntary movement

Answer 19

intentional tremor

Question 20

an intentional tremor is a ___ problem with extensors and the flexors

Answer 20

timing

Question 21

alcohol affects the

Answer 21

cerebellum

Question 22

cerebellum problems in general cause ________

Answer 22

control problems

Question 23

what are some other issues that come from cerebellum damage?

Answer 23

posture and equilibrium

Question 24

• mainly from cunneate and clark’s nuclei
• proprioception
• ipsilateral
• general spinothalamic and dorsal column info but in the form of touch info and not pain
• goes directly to cerebellum

Answer 24

cerebellar input from spinal cord

Question 25

- brain stem - ipsi projection - provided info as to the state of he body - direct

Answer 25

cerebellar input from vestibular nuclei

Question 26

- brain stem - getting info from neocortex - projections then go to cerebellum via pontine - projections from cortex to the pontine angle are ipsi then they cross to the contralteral cerebellum

Answer 26

cerebellar input from pontine nuclei

Question 27

- brain stem to medulla - main input to cerebellum - starting point for the olivocerebellar tract - names of fibers running from ION in the medulla to the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 27

cerebellar inputs from inferior olivary nuclei

Question 28

- ION inputs are - contralateral spinal cord - ipsi red nucleus - contralateral motor strip on the cerebral cortex - contralateral cerebellum (dentate and interposed) - info starts at ION, crosses medulla and goes to all parts of cerebellar cortex

Answer 28

olivocerebellar tract

Question 29

what are the two types of cellular inputs to the cerebellum?

Answer 29

mossy fiber and climbing fiber inputs

Question 30

- the spinal cord, vestibular portion and the inputs from the neocortex - mossy fibers make up the main circuitry within the cerebellum

Answer 30

mossy fiber inputs to the cerebellum

Question 31

- inferior olivary nucleus | - regulatory function

Answer 31

climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellum

Question 32

what are the cerebellar outputs from the spinal cord

Answer 32

vestibular nuclei and red nucleus

Question 33

info goes down to the spinal cord

Answer 33

vestibular nuclei output

Question 34

forms the rubrospinal tract and carries info down to the spinal cord

Answer 34

red nucleus output

Question 35

what are the other cerebellar outputs

Answer 35

``` ventrolateral nuclei (VLN) reticular formation ```

Question 36

thalamic relay nuclei and sends info to the motor strip in the cortex (brodmanns 4)

Answer 36

ventrolateral nuclei (VLN) output

Question 37

many cerebellum outputs go to the reticular formation which then incorporates the info into its own system thus going to most places in the brain

Answer 37

reticular formation

Question 38

- input / output doesnt match up - for mossy fibers, raw info enters via the peduncles and splits between the cerebellum nuclei and the cerebellum cortex - from the cortex, the info is sent to the cerebellum nuclei and then is sent as output - only output is through the cerebellum nuclei

Answer 38

input / output functions

Question 39

what are the 3 zones of the cortex

Answer 39

anterior posterior flocculonodular

Question 40

receives input from the spinal cord

Answer 40

anterior lobe of the cortex

Question 41

the middle layer gets info from the pons largest of all 3 zones in mammals

Answer 41

posterior lobe of the cortex

Question 42

receives vestibular input

Answer 42

flocculonodular lobe

Question 43

each lobe then reads the info sent to it and then sends an output to one of 3 areas - lateral hemisphere - vermis - paravermis

Answer 43

cerebellar outputs

Question 44

- means worm - lies directly on the seam - output goes directly to the fastigial - then out to the vestibular nuclei - primarily this is to the vestibulospinal tract, but also to the reticular formation and out to the spinal cord

Answer 44

vermis output

Question 45

- this is the middle area - this area sends information out through the interposed - then mainly to the red nucleus with small projections to the ventrolateral nucleus and then to the spinal cord

Answer 45

paravermis outputs

Question 46

- the largest part of the cerebellar cortex - sends info out to the dentate, which is the largest of the nuclei - from here, projections are mainly to the ventrolateral nuclei in the thalamus - from here it goes on to the motor cortex - from the cortex, eventually info is sent back down to the spinal cord via the corticospinal tract - it also sends small projections to the red nucleus

Answer 46

lateral hemisphere output

Question 47

the cerebellum is organized into ___ and _____ portion

Answer 47

cortex and nucleus