Cerebellum Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
Receives lots of _ input but does not discriminate/interpret this input
A
- Sensory
2
Q
- Lesions do or do not result in lasting motor paralysis?
A
- Do not
3
Q
- Where does the cerebellum send projections?
A
- Reticular formation
- Motor cortices
- Thalamus
- Vestibulospinal nuclei
- Superior colliculus
4
Q
A
- Vermis
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
5
Q
A
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior cerebellar peduncles
6
Q
A
- Nodulus
- Posterolateral Fissure
- Anterior Lobe
- Posterior Lobe
7
Q
- Identify the deep cerebellar nuclei ***
A
- Dentate nucleus
- Emboliform nucleus
- Globose nucleus
- Fastigial
8
Q
- Organization of gray matter within the cerebellum
- What cell types are located in each layer
A
- Molecular layer
- Basket and stellate
- Purkinje Layers
- Purkinje Cell bodies
- Granular layer (G,G,G)
- Granule cells and Golgi Cells
9
Q
- Purkinje Cells
A
- Output from cerebellar cortex
- Inhibit cerebellar and vestibular nuclei
- NTX: GABA
- Many dendrites
10
Q
- Granule Cells
A
- ONLY EXCITATORY CELL IN CEREBELLUM (releases Glutamate)
- Smallest
11
Q
- Stellate Cells
A
- Axons synapse w/ and inhibit Purkinje Cells
- Star shaped dendrites
12
Q
- Golgi Cells
A
- Inhibitory (release GABA)
- Largely scattered w/ short axons
13
Q
- Basket Cells
A
- Axons synapse with Purkinje cells and inhibit them (just like Stellate cells)
- NTX: GABA
14
Q
What are the two types of afferent fibers in the gray matter of the cerebellum?
A
- Climbing fibers
- Mossy fibers
15
Q
- Climbing fibers
A
- From inferior olive in medulla
- Excite Purkinje Cells
- Info on movement errors-cerebellum
16
Q
- Mossy fibers
A
- From spinal cord, reticular formation, vestibular system, pontine nuclei
- Synapse with Granulocytes
- Info on arousal, somatosensory, eq, motor info
17
Q
- What are the functional divisions of the cerebellum?
A
- Vestibulocerebellum
- Spinocerebellum
- Pontocerebellum
18
Q
- Vestibulocerebellum (aka flocculonodular lobe)
- Functions
A
- Influence eye movements and postrual muscles of head and body
- Neck and trunk movements
19
Q
- Spinocerebellum/Paleocerebellum
- Functions
A
- Receives somatosensory info, internal feedback from interneurons and somatosensory cortex
- Control ongoing movement in brainstem descending tracts
- Axial and lower extremity movements
- Gait and station
20
Q
- Pontocerebellum
- Input from?
- Functions?
A
- Input from
- Cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei
- Function
- Coordination of voluntary movements
- Planning of movements
- Timing of movements
- Precise coordinated movements of extremities
- Mainly upper extremity
21
Q
- Afferent Fiber pathways entering the cerebellum via the vestibular system are what types of afferent fibers?
- What are their names?
A
- Mossy fibers
- Vestibular nuclei
- CN VIII
22
Q
- Afferent fibers entering the cerebellum via the spinal cord are what type of afferent fibers?
- What are their names?
A
- Mossy
- Anterior spinocerebellar tract
- Posterior spinocerebellar tract
- Cuneocerebellar tract
23
Q
- Afferent fibers entering the cerebellum from the cerebral cortex are what type of afferent fibers?
- What are their names?
A
- Both mossy and climbing
- Mossy
- Cortico-pontocerebellar
- Cortico-reticulocerebellar
- Climbing
- Cortico-olivocerebellar
24
Q
- What two afferent fiber pathways convey unconscious proprioception info about limb movement?
- Which one does upper extremity?
- Which one does lower extermity?
A
- Posterior spinocerebellar tract-lower limb
- Cuneocerebellar tract-upper limb
25
* Describe the posterior spinocerebellar tract
* 1st order neurons enter DRG and ascend in fasciculus gracilis
* **Synapse in 2nd order neurons in Nucleus of Clark (C8-L2)**
* 2nd order neurons ascend in posterior spinocerebellar tract/dorsolateral funiculus
* Enter cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle
26
* Describe the cuneocerebellar tract
* 1st order neurons enter DRG and ascend in fasciculus cuneatus
* **Synapse in accessory (external or lateral) cuneate nucleus in lower medulla**
* 2nd order neurons ascend to cerebellum
* Enter via inferior cerebellar nucleus
27
* **Function of superior cerebellar peduncle?**
* Efferent route from
* Globose
* Emboliform
* Dentate muclei
* Afferent fibers from
* Ventral (anterior) spinocerebellar tract
28
* **Function of the middle cerebellar peduncle?**
* **Afferent fibers from pontine nuclei-cortex**
29
* **Function of the inferior cerebellar peduncle?**
* Primary afferent fibers from spinal cord
One efferent tract (that she didn't discuss)
30
* ***The cerebrocerebellar pathway sends projections to the _ nucleus which then conveys information to the red nucleus and the thalamus***
* ***The spinocerebellum pathway sends projections to the _ and _ nuclei as well as the _ nucleus which then send projections to the red nucleus/thalamus and reticular formation***
* ***The vestibulocerebellum pathway sends projections to the _ nucleus***
* Dentate
* Globose/Emboliform (Paravermal part-red nucleus/thalamus) and Fastigal (vermal part-reticular formation)
* Vestibular
31
* ***Unilateral cerebellar lesions affect the _ side***
* ***What are some common symptoms of a cerebellar lesion?***
* Ipsilateral
* Ataxia
* Wide based gait
* Fall towards side of lesion
32
* ***Lesions of the Vestibulocerebellum***
* ***What is lost?***
* ***What are symptoms?***
* Connections between vestibular system and flocculonodular lobe are lost
* Symptoms
* Nystagmus
* Truncal ataxia-can't maintain sitting and standing balance
* Truncal instability (tibtubation)- can't do the sobriety test walk
33
* ***Lesions of the spinocerebellar division?***
* ***What is lost?***
* ***What are symptoms?***
* Connections between cutaneous and proprioceptive information coming from spinal cord to vermis and paravermal regions
* Symptoms
* Gait and truncal ataxia-wide base, staggering base
34
* ***Midline Ataxia***
* ***Caused by?***
* ***Symptoms?***
* Vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar diseases causing ataxic syndromes
* Symptoms
* Truncal instability
* Titubation
* Gait ataxia
* Equilibratory (gait) ataxis
* Gait ataxia
* Wide based irregular steps with lateral veering
35
***Lesions of cerebrocerebellum***
***Symptoms***
* Dysarthria-poor speech articulation
* Ataxic gait-fall towards side of lesion
* Decomposition of movements
36
* Limb ataxia manifestations
* Dysdiadochokinesia
* Dysmetria
* Action tremor
37
* Dysdiadochokinesia
* Inability to rapidly alternate hand movements
(Patty cake motion)
38
* Dysmetria
* Inability to accurately move an intended distance
* (Finger to nose or heel to shin)
39
* Action tremor
* Shaking of limb during voluntary movement
40
* When a physician asks the patient to say the following phrases, what cranial nerves/areas of the brain are being tested:
* La la la
* Kah kah kah
* La pah kah
* La-Hypoglossal (CN XII)
* Pa- Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X)
* La pah kah (Cerebellum)
41
* ***Appendicular ataxia***
* Dysfunction of cerebellar hemispheres
* Ataxia of extremities
* Ataxia of speech (scanning dysarthria)
* Symptoms
* Hypotonia
* Decomp of movement
* Dysmetria
* Dysdiadochokinesia
42
* ***Cerebellar ataxia versus sensory ataxia***
* Cerebellar
* + Romberg (swaying when feet together and eyes closed)
* Can't stand with feet together (w/ eyes closed or open)
* **Normal vibratory sense, proprioception and ankle reflexes**
* Sensory ataxia
* Can stand with feet together with eyes open
* + Romberg
* **Abnormal vibratory sense, proprioception and ankle reflexes**
43
* Clinical testing of vestibulocerebellum and spinocerebellum
* Station
* Walking Gait
* Tandem Gait
44
* Clinical testing of cerebrocerebellum
* Rapid alternating movements
* Finger to nose
* Toe to finger
* Heel to shin
* Rebound and check reflex
* Speech
