Cerebellum

Question 1

What is the three functions of the Cerebellum?

Answer 1

Coordinating movements, maintaining posture and motor learning (procedural memory)

Question 2

What are the layers of the cerebellum?

Answer 2

Molecular Layer, Purkinje Layer, Granular Layer then the White Matter

Question 3

What are the Neurons in the Gray Matter of the Cerebellum?

Answer 3

Purkinje cells, Granule Cells, Stellate Cells, Golgi Cells and Basket Cells

Question 4

What is the function of Purkinje Cells?

Answer 4

Output cells of cerebellum. Inhibit cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei.

Question 5

What is the function of Granule Cells?

Answer 5

Only excitatory neurons.

Question 6

What is the function of stellate cells?

Answer 6

Synapse on purkinje cell and inhibit them

Question 7

What is the function of Golgi Cells?

Answer 7

Inhibitory Cells.

Question 8

What is the function of basket cells?

Answer 8

Inhibit Purkinje Cells

Question 9

What are the Afferent Fibers of the cerebellum? Where do they originate?

Answer 9

Climbing and Mossy Fibers.
Climbing originate from inferior olive. Mossy originate from spinal cord, reticular formation, vestibular system and pontine nuclei.

Question 10

What is the function of Climbing Fibers?

Answer 10

Excitatory axons for purkinje cells, they convey movement errors to cerebellum.

Question 11

What is the function of mossy fibers?

Answer 11

Gives somatosensory, arousal and cerebral cortex motor info to the cerebellum

Question 12

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 12

Influences eye movements and postural muscles of the head and body.

Question 13

Where does the vestibulocerebellum send and receive information?

Answer 13

Sends to the vestibular nuclei, receives from vestibular nuclei and from visual areas.

Question 14

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 14

Control ongoing movement.

Question 15

What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?

Answer 15

Coordination and timing of voluntary movements.

Question 16

What anatomical structures make the vestublocerebellum, spinocerebellum and cerebrocerebellum?

Answer 16

Vestibulocerebellum- flocculus and nodulus
Spinocerebellum- vermis and paravermal layers
Cerebrocerebellum- Lateral hemisphere

Question 17

Where does the Dentate Nucleus receive input from? Where does it send its efferent information?

Answer 17

Receives from Cerebrocerebellum, sends to Red Nucleus and Thalamus

Question 18

Where does the Globose and Emboliform Nuclei receive input from? Where does it send its efferent information?

Answer 18

Receives from Spinocerebellum, Sends to Red Nucleus and thalamus

Question 19

Where does the Fastigial receive input from? Where does it send its efferent information?

Answer 19

Receives from Spinocerebellum and Vestibulocerebellum, Sends to Reticular formation and Vestibular Nucleus

Question 20

What is the Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract’s 1st and 2nd order neurons?

Answer 20

1st- DRG and ascends into gracile fasciculus. Synapses in Clark Nucleus.
2nd- Into dorsolateral funiculus through the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 21

What is the Cuneocerebellar tract’s 1st and 2nd order neurons?

Answer 21

1st- DRG to cuneate fasciculus (lower medulla) or accessory cuneate nucleus
2nd- Accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum via inferior cerebellar nucleus

Question 22

What afferent and efferent routes are in the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 22

Efferent- globose, emboliform and dentate nuclei

Afferent- ventral spinocerebellar tract

Question 23

What afferent and efferent routes are in the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 23

Afferent fibers from pontine nuclei

Question 24

What is the afferent fibers in the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 24

Primarily afferent from spinal cord.

Question 25

What movements does the vestibulocerebellum do?

Answer 25

Eye movements and Neck and Trunk movements.

Question 26

What movements does the spinocebellum do?

Answer 26

Axial and lower extremity movements, gait and station.

Question 27

What movements does the cerebrocerebellum do?

Answer 27

Precise, coordinated movements of the extremities, mainly the upper ones.

Question 28

What are the deep nuclei of the Cerebellum?

Answer 28

Fastigial, Globose, Emboliform and Dentate

Question 29

Which side of the body will unilateral lesions of the cerebellum affect? How will they present?

Answer 29

Lesions will affect the ipsilateral. With ataxia.

Question 30

How will lesions of the vestibulocerebellum present?

Answer 30

Nystagmus, Truncal ataxia and truncal instability. (wouldn't pass a sobriety test)

Question 31

How will lesions of the spinocerebellum present?

Answer 31

Gait and truncal ataxia, will have a wide, staggering base

Question 32

What causes midline ataxia? How does it present?

Answer 32

Vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar disease/lesion. Titubation (trunk tremor) and Gait ataxia.

Question 33

How do lesions of the cerebreocerebellum present?

Answer 33

Ataxia and will have decomposed movements. Limb ataxia manifestations: can't alternate movements rapidly.

Question 34

What causes appendicular ataxia? How does it present?

Answer 34

Lesion or dysfunction of the cerebellar hemispheres. Ataxia of speech (British Constitution is broken down to small syllables)

Question 35

What is sensory ataxia?

Answer 35

Abnormal vibratory sense, proprioception. Cannot stand with feet together with eyes closed

Question 36

What is cerebellar ataxia?

Answer 36

Can't stand with feet together, but NORMAL vibratory sense.