Cerebral Cortex Organisation

Question 1

Which lobes does the central sulcus divide?

Answer 1

Frontal from Parietal

Question 2

Which lobes does the lateral sulcus divide?

Answer 2

Frontal and Parietal from Temporal

Question 3

What are the two frontal sulci?

Answer 3

Superior Frontal Sulci Inferior Frontal Sulci

Question 4

Which gyri do the frontal sulci separate?

Answer 4

Superior Frontal Gyrus Middle Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Gyrus

Question 5

What are the two temporal sulci?

Answer 5

Superior Temporal Sulci Inferior Temporal Sulci

Question 6

Which gyri do the temporal sulci separate?

Answer 6

Superior Temporal Gyrus Middle Temporal Gyrus Inferior Temporal Gyrus

Question 7

Which gyrus does the collateral sulcus run along side?

Answer 7

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 8

Which lobe does the calcarine sulcus divide?

Answer 8

Occipital lobe

Question 9

Which sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

Answer 9

Parieto- Occipital Sulcus

Question 10

Structures in the brain that are C-Shaped?

Answer 10

Ventricular system Caudate nucleus Cingulate Gyrus Hippocampus/ Fornix

Question 11

What are Brodmann Areas an example of and how many are there?

Answer 11

Cortical localisation- specific areas of Cerebral cortex carry out specific functions 46 Brodmann areas

Question 12

Where does the cingulate gyrus run?

Answer 12

Along the outside of the corpus callosum Sweeps round to join the Parahippocampal Gyrus

Question 13

Where is the Cingulate Gyrus continuous with the Parahippocampal Gyrus?

Answer 13

Isthmus

Question 14

Which lobe does the Cingulate Gyrus form?

Answer 14

Limbic Lobe (may also include the Parahippocampal gyrus and other smaller lobes)

Question 15

Which sulcus marks the Limbic Lobe?

Answer 15

Cingulate Sulcus

Question 16

Where is the Isthmus located?

Answer 16

Posterior to the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum

Question 17

What type of fibres run in the Cingulate Gyrus and what is their function?

Answer 17

Association fibres Take information from all lobes and pass them to the hippocampus- associates actions with memory

Question 18

Where is the hippocampus located?

Answer 18

Temporal lobe

Question 19

What is the function of the Hippocampus?

Answer 19

Associates memories with previous actions and experiences

Question 20

Which conditions are associated with the Hippocampus/Limbic System?

Answer 20

Schizophrenia Depression

Question 21

What is the function of the Primary Projection Sensory areas?

Answer 21

Sensory pathways terminate here

Question 22

Where is the Primary Somaesthetic Cortex located?

Answer 22

Post-Central Gyrus

Question 23

Where is the Primary Visual Cortex located?

Answer 23

Either side of Calcarine sulcus

Question 24

Another name for Primary Visual Cortex?

Answer 24

Striate Cortex

Question 25

Location of Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 25

Superior Temporal Gyri (Heschl's Gyrus)

Question 26

Location of Primary Olfactory Cortex

Answer 26

Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus

Question 27

What is special about the olfactory cortex?

Answer 27

Receives information directly- only sense not to transmit via the Thalamus

Question 28

Location of Primary Gustatory Cortex

Answer 28

Inferior Post Central Gyrus (behind Primary Somaesthetic)

Question 29

Function of Primary Projection Motor cortex

Answer 29

Area of origin for specific motor pathways

Question 30

Location of Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 30

Pre Central Gyrus

Question 31

Features of the Cortical Homonculus

Answer 31

Somatotopically organised Some areas receive more neurons than others

Question 32

Function of Association /Secondary Sensory areas

Answer 32

Receive their input from the primary sensory area Involved in Interpretation and understanding of the information

Question 33

What is Agnosia?

Answer 33

Damage to the Sensory Associaion areas

Question 34

Features of agnosia?

Answer 34

Sensation exists, but with no significance

Question 35

Location of Association Somaesthetic Cortex?

Answer 35

Superior Parietal lobe

Question 36

Location of Visual Association cortex

Answer 36

Pre Striate Area (beside each primary area)

Question 37

Location of Auditory Association Area

Answer 37

Lateral Fissure/Superior Temporal Lobe

Question 38

Which two senses do not have an association area?

Answer 38

Olfactory Gustatory

Question 39

Function of Motor Association/Secondary Areas?

Answer 39

Organise patterns of movement by outputting to primary motor areas

Question 40

Location of Pre-motor area

Answer 40

LATERALLY Anterior to Pre-Central Gyrus

Question 41

Location of Supplementary Motor Area

Answer 41

MEDIALLY Anterior to Pre-Central Gyrus

Question 42

Location of Frontal Eye Field

Answer 42

Anterior to Pre-Motor Area

Question 43

What is Apraxia?

Answer 43

Damage to Motor Association Areas

Question 44

Features of Apraxia?

Answer 44

Inability to carry out learned, organised movements

Question 45

Function of General Association Cortices?

Answer 45

Linking and integrating complex aspects of intellectual functioning

Question 46

Two general association cortices?

Answer 46

Parieto-Temporal Cortex Pre-Frontal Cortex

Question 47

Function of Parieto-Temporal Cortex?

Answer 47

Memory Integration of different information modalities

Question 48

Function of Pre-Frontal Cortex?

Answer 48

Regulation of moods, feelings decisions Higher order cognitive function (planing, judgement, conceptualisation) Sweeps round the sensory, visual, auditory areas to gather this info

Question 49

Features of the dominant hemisphere?

Answer 49

Distinct Higher Order Functions 2 Specialist language areas

Question 50

Function of Broca's (ANTERIOR) Area

Answer 50

Speech Production (Motor, expressive)

Question 51

Damage to Broca's Area

Answer 51

Expressive Aphasia Inability to correctly articulate speech

Question 52

Function of Wernicke's (POSTERIOR) Area

Answer 52

Speech Understanding (Sensory, receptive)

Question 53

What is the Non-Dominant Hemisphere concerned with?

Answer 53

Spatial Awareness

Question 54

What is special about the auditory association area?

Answer 54

Its specialised in one hemisphere for linguistic function