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cerebral hemispheres Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

what is the cavity in each hemisphere of the brain called?

A

lateral ventricle

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2
Q

what is the fissure in the centre of the brain called?

A

median longitudinal fissure

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3
Q

what are 2 important anatomical landmarks of the brain?

A

median longitudinal fissure

corpus callosum

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4
Q

what gyri lie in the frontal lobe?

A

precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus

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5
Q

what gyrus lies in the parietal lobe?

A

postcentral gyrus

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6
Q

what separates the precentral and postcentral gyri?

A

central sulcus

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7
Q

what separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

parieto - occipital sulcus

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8
Q

what is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

connects the 2 hemispheres

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9
Q

what gyri lie in the temporal lobe?

A

superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyri
inferior temporal gyri

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10
Q

what are the 2 lobules in the parietal lobe?

A

superior and inferior parietal lobule

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11
Q

what is the insula?

A

a region of the brain deep in the cerebral cortex

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12
Q

what is the sensory part of the brain?

A

posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

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13
Q

what is the motor part of the brain?

A

anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere

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14
Q

what is the function of the limbic system? (medial portion of cerebral hemisphere)

A

storage and retrieval of processed information

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15
Q

what is contained within the precentral gyrus?

A

primary motor cortex

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16
Q

what numbered area of the brain is the precentral gyrus located in?

A

area 4

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17
Q

what is the function of the primary motor cortex?

A

somatotopic representation of contralateral half of the body

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18
Q

what area of the brain is brocas area in?

A

44/45 (inferior frontal gyrus)

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19
Q

what is the function of brocas area?

A

associated with speech

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20
Q

what is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

cognitive functions of higher order- intellect,judgement, prediction,planning

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21
Q

what is the primary sensory area of the brain?

A

post central gyrus

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22
Q

what numbered areas of the brain does the post central gyrus occupy?

A

1
2
3

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23
Q

what is the function of the primary sensory area?

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A

receives general sensations from contralateral half of the body

24
Q

what is the function of the superior parietal lobule?

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A

interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

25
what is the function of the inferior parietal lobule?
interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association area - contributes to language function in dominant hemisphere
26
what are some symptoms of a parietal lobe lesion?
hemisensory neglect agnosia acalculia agraphia
27
what numbered areas of the brain is the superior temporal gyrus located in?
41,42
28
what is contained within the superior temporal gyrus?
primary auditory cortex
29
where are the auditory association areas located?
posterior to the superior temporal gyrus
30
what is wernickes area?
an area posterior to the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere of the brain
31
what is the function of wernickes area?
crucial for understanding of the spoken word
32
what is the function of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe?
receives fibres from the olfactory tract - contributes to conscious appreciation of smell
33
where is the primary visual cortex located?
on the medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus (area 17)
34
where is the visual association cortex located?
all of the occipital love that is not the primary visual cortex (areas 18.19)
35
what is the function of the visual association cortex?
interpretation of visual images
36
what areas of the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres contribute to forming the limbic lobe?
cingulate gyrus hippocampus parahippocampal gyrus amygdala
37
what is the amygdala?
subcortical grey matter close to the temporal pole
38
what is aphasia?
problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas of the brain
39
what are some characteristics of brocas aphasia?
understands speech misses small words aware of difficulties in speech weakness/paralysis of one side of body
40
what part of the brain is damaged in brocas aphasia?
frontal lobe
41
what are some characteristics of wernickes aphasia?
fluent speech with new meaningless words cant understand speech doesnt know of mistakes no paralysis
42
what part of the brain is damaged in wernickes aphasia?
temporal lobe
43
what are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres that are bundled into tracts?
commisural fibres association fibres projection fibres
44
what is the function of commisural fibres?
connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
45
what is the function of association fibres?
connect one part of the cortex with the other - can be short or long
46
what is the function of projection fibres?
run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres
47
what is the internal capsule made of?
projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex
48
where is the internal capsule located?
narrow area between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally
49
what are basal ganglia?
collection of grey matter deep within each cerebral hemisphere
50
what makes up basal ganglia?
``` caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus substantia nigra subthalamic nucleii ```
51
what forms the lentiform nucleus?
the putamen and globus pallidus
52
what are the "input regions" of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus | putamen
53
what do the input regions of the basal ganglia receive input from?
motor cortex premotor cortex thalamus
54
what are the "output regions" of the basal ganglia?
globus pallidus | substantia nigra
55
where does the globus pallidus project to primarily?
thalamus
56
what is the major function of the basal ganglia?
initiation and termination of movements
57
what is another name for the basal ganglia?
extrapyramidal system

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