Cerebrovascular Flashcards
(27 cards)
3 principal function of the brain
regulating tone and wakefulness, 2. obtaining, processing and storing info, 3. programming, regulating ad verifying mental activity.
Hierarchy of brain structures
primary projection areas: receive sensory or produce motor; secondary (association) areas: incomin info is processed or motor programs are prepared; tertiary areas (sones of overlapping): most complex forms of mental activity.
hemispheric specialization/lateralization
most people are left hemispheric language dominant
frontal lobe
primary motor, premotor area, frontal eye fields, broca’s area, supplementary motor area, prefrontal cortex, frontal lobe, frontal lobe syndrome post CVA/TBI
Parietal lobe
primary somatosensory area, secondary somatosensory cortex, association areas, parietal lobe syndrome post CVA or TBI
temporal lobes
auditory cortex (sound localization), wernicke’s area: receptive processing of speech sounds
occipital lobes
primary visual cortex, association areas. lesions here cause visual agnosia, object agnosia, prosopagnosia, or bilateral lesion results in cortical blindness.
functions that require the involvement of multiple areas of the brain
finger movements, counting out loud, visually following a moving target, listening to spoken words.
middle cerebral artery
comes off the internal carotid. supplies the insula and lateral surface of the frontal, parietal and temporal and occipital lobes. supplies the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
MCA infarct results in
contralateral hemiplegia with UE involvement>LE and face
MCA infarct on language dominant side results in
(which is the left side for most)–>aphasia (receptive or expressive), homonymous hemianopsia, one sided sensory deficit
MCA infarct on non-language dominant side results in
(which is right for most)–>hemispatial neglect, anosognosia, apraxia, spatial disorganization
apraxia
difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked, despite understanding and willingness
anosagnosia
deficit of self awareness-unaware of disability.
ataxia
lack of coordination
small internal capsule infarct
pure motor deficit
ANTERIOR cerebral artery
supplies medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes, including the anterior and internal capsule and the genu of the internal capsule
ACA infarct results in
hemiplegia with LE involvement > UE, mild aphasia secondary to damage to the supplementary motor cortex, mental changes (disinhibition), some sensory deficits in LE.
Posterior cerebral artery infarct results in
homonymous hemianopsia, alexia and anomia for colors if infarct includes the post. corpus callosum. May have impairment of superficial touch, deep sensation or persistent thalamic pain if infarct includes thalamus. May cause ataxia, choeoathetoid movements, tremor due to sensory or motor tract involvement.
anomia
inability to name objects or recognize written or spoken names of objects but can describe he object.
alexia
loss of ability to read
posterior cerebral artery
supplies the medial and inferior aspects of temporal and occipital lobes. also has thalamic branches.
internal carotid artery
occlusion may be clinically silent or may cause massive cerebral infarct. damage usually occurrs in the distribution of the MCA. may include hemianopsia or retinal blindness due to retinal ischemia.
expressive aphasia
Broca’s
