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Anatomy Module 3 > Cerebrum and Limbic System > Flashcards

Cerebrum and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the Cerebrum?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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2
Q

Layers of the cerebrum and their corresponding cells?

A

1.Molecular layer ( plexiform)
2.External Granular layer –
3.External Pyramidal layer –
4.Internal Granular layer -
5.Internal Pyramidal layer
6.Multiform / Polymorphic/ Fusiformlayer –
Horizontal cells of Cajal–spindle shape
small pyramidal cells, stellate& granule cells
medium size
large pyramidal cells , Band of Ballerger
inverted cells of Martinotti

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3
Q

Different Cerebral Lobes?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal
  • Insular
  • Limbic
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4
Q

Largest lobe, 1/3 of hemispheric’s surface,

Lies rostral to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure?

A

Frontal Lobe

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5
Q

Functional Divisions of Frontal Lobe?

A 
Primary motor area
Pre-motor / supplemental motor area
Prefrontal area
Broca’s motor speech area
Frontal eyefield
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6
Q

Primary motor area, Brodmann area 4, 1/3 of cortico-spinal tract arises from here?

A

Precentral Gyrus

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7
Q

Which lies rostral to precentral gyrus, brodmann area 6, and 1/3 of the cortico-spinal fibers originates here?

A

Supplemental Motor Area

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8
Q

From which lobe comes from these manifestation of lesions:
–Monoplegia or hemiplegia
–Initial flaccid paralysis
–[+] Babinski reflex

A

Precentral Gyrus

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9
Q

From which lobe comes from these manifestation of lesions:
–Paralysis of the head and eye movements to the opposite side (head and eyes turn “toward” the diseased hemisphere)
–Spasticity
–Increased tendon reflex added to primary motor lesion

A

Supplemental Motor Area

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10
Q

Functions of Supplemental Motor Area?

A

Contralateral head and eye turning
Assumption of posture
Complex patterned movements infrequent rapid incoordinate movements

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11
Q

Function of Precentral Gyrus?

A

contralateral movements of face, arm, leg and trunk

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12
Q

Located in the caudal zone of middle frontal gyrus, Brodmann area 8 and it stimulation leads to conjugate deviation of the eyes to the other side?

A

Frontal Eyefield

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13
Q

Lesions from this lobe results in difficulty in voluntarily moving the eyes to the opposite side?

A

Frontal Eyefield

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14
Q

What are the other Frontal Lobe Gyri?

A

Superior Frontal Gyrus
Middle Frontal Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus

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15
Q

What are the Inferior Frontal Gyrus Structures?

A 
Pars orbitale 
-Anterior limb of lateral fissure
Pars triangularis
-Ascending limb of lateral fissure
Pars opercularis
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16
Q

What part of the frontal lobe has the components pars opercularis and pars triangularis?

A

Broca’s Speech Area

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17
Q

Has connections with the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic lobe, anterior temporal area, and association areas of the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Prefrontal Area

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18
Q

What are the functions of Prefrontal Area?

A 
Personality
Abstract thinking
Mature judgement
Foresight
Tactfulness
Self-control
Initiative
“Socialization” of certain autonomic functions and emotions
Monitor cortical plan of behavior
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19
Q

What Lesion shows inappropriate jocularity?

A

Witzelsucht

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20
Q

What Lesion shows severe loss of initiative with disinterest and unconcern?

A

Akinetic mutism

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21
Q

What lesion shows grasping and pouting?

A

Primitive reflexes

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22
Q

What lesion shows disturbance of gait?

A

Frontal ataxia

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23
Q

What lesion shows resistance to passive movements of limbs?

A

Paratonia

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24
Q

What lobule is anteriorly bounded by the paracentral sulcus and posteriorly bounded by the marginal branch of the cingulate sulcus?

A

Paracentral Lobule

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25
What is the function of the Paracenral Lobule?
cortical inhibition of bladder and bowel voiding
26
What are the manifestations of lesions in the Paracentral Lobule?
Incontinence of urine and feces
27
Atrophy that lacks general sense of responsibility, sloppiness in habits, vulgar speech and clownfish behavior?
Neurosyphilitic Frontal Atrohpy
28
Posterior to central sulcus and anterior to parieto-occipital sulcus?
Parietal Lobe
29
Parietal Lobe Structures?
``` Postcentral gyrus Postcentral sulcus Superior parietal lobule Intraparietal sulcus Inferior parietal lobule -Angular gyrus -Supramarginal gyrus ```
30
Granular cortex / sensory cortex, Brodmann areas 3,1,2, and Cortical regions where impulses concerned with tactile and kinesthetic sense from superficial and deep receptors and converge and are somatopically represented?
Postcentral Gyrus
31
Functions of Postcentral Gyrus?
Receives afferent pathways for appreciation of posture, touch and passive movements
32
Manifestations of lesions in Postcentral Gyrus?
Contralateral impairment of touch, pressure and proprioception Disturbed postural and passive movement sensation Disturbed localization of touch with loss of two point discrimination Astereognosis (impaired appreciation of size, shape, texture and weight) Perceptual rivalry (sensory inattention)
33
Posterior to Brodmann area 3,1,2 which is along the superior border of the Sylvian fissure and its lesions results in impaired pain sensation?
Secondary Somesthetic Area
34
What are the other Parietal Structures?
Superior Parietal Lobule (Brodmann areas 5 + 7), Intraparietal Sulcus and Inferior Parietal Lobule (Supramarginal gyrus, Angular gyrus)
35
Cortical association areas and mnemonic constellations for understanding and interpreting sensory signals?
Inferior Parietal Lobule
36
Function of the Supramarginal Gyrus?
Understanding and interpreting sensory signals
37
Manifestations of lesions in Supramarginal Gyrus?
Dominant hemisphere (Tactile and propioceptive agnosia) and Non-dominant hemisphere (Confusion in left-right discrimination, Body image disturbance, Apraxia)
38
Surrounds the ascending terminal part of the superior temporal sulcus, Brodmann area 39?
Angular Gyrus
39
Functions of Angular Gyrus?
Association cortex which has connections with somesthetic, visual and auditory associations areas
40
Manifestations of lesions in Angular Gyrus?
Dominant hemisphere | - Alexia and Agraphia
41
Located in the roof of the lateral fissure •Brodmann area 43 •Primary gustatory area
Parietal Operculum
42
Confusion of right and left limbs Finger agnosia (difficulty in distinguishing finger from hand) Acalculia Agraphia
Gertsmann’s syndrome
43
Auditory cortex and Wernicke's speech area is located in the
Superior temporal gyrus
44
Dizziness with sensations of turning movement of the body)
Vertigo
45
Located on trasverse gyri of Heschl | Brodmann areas 41 + 42
Auditory Cortex
46
A non-dominant hemispher problem where there is difficulty appreciating sound, rhythm and music
Amusia
47
T or F: | Unilateral lesions have little effect on hearing
True
48
Auditory associational area •Brodmann area 22 •It functions in language comprehension
Wernicke’s Area
49
Hears but does not understands
Wernicke’s or Receptive dysphasia
50
Most medial protrusion of the parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus
51
Results from extensive damage of the striate cortex
Anton’s syndrome
52
Located on the banks of the calcarine sulcus | Brodmann area 17
Primary Visual Cortex
53
Cortical blindness in the contralateral visual field is a manifestation of lesion in the
Primary Visual Cortex
54
Brodmann areas 18 + 19
Secondary Visual Area
55
Divides frontal and parietal lobes
Central sulcus
56
Separates lateral orbital gyri and medial gyrus rectus
Olfactory sulcus
57
A triangular cortical area with the apex directed forward and downward to open into the lateral fissure
Insula
58
Opening leading to insular region
Limen insula
59
Forms the central core of the hemispheres | Contains both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers
Cerebral White Matter
60
Three groups of white matter fibers:
–Projection fibers –Association fibers –Commisural fibers
61
Carry afferent and efferent information between hemispheric structures and other parts of the CNS
Projection Fibers
62
Interconnect different cortical areas within the same hemisphere
Associations Fibers
63
Interconnect corresponding areas of each hemispheric cortex
Commisural Fibers
64
The Visceral Brain
Limbic System
65
Derived from the corpus callosum to the induseum griseum (above) and the hippocampus and dentate gyrus (below)
Hippocampal Formation
66
An almond shaped nuclear mass located in the deep medial part of the temporal lobe
Amygdala
67
Lesions produce docility | Stimulation produces rage reaction
Amygdala
68
Concerned with emotion | Parts of the limbic lobe and diencephalon
Papez Circuit
69
Bilateral lesions destroying the amygdala and hippocampus in male monkeys manifestations include hypersexuality, marked absence of emotional response etc
Kluver–Bucy Syndrome
70
Profound loss of the ability to acquire new information | Seen in bilateral damage of the medial temporal lobe
Anterograde Amnesia

Anatomy Module 3 (4 decks)

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