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Neuroanatomy III > Cerebrum: Gross Functional Anatomy > Flashcards

Cerebrum: Gross Functional Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the cerebrum?

A

The cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions, including thought, action, and emotion.

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2
Q

True or False: The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the four main lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

A

occipital

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5
Q

Which lobe of the cerebrum is involved in decision making and problem solving?

A

Frontal lobe

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6
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

The parietal lobe processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum? A) Thalamus B) Corpus Callosum C) Cerebellum

A

B) Corpus Callosum

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8
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

The temporal lobe is involved in processing auditory information and memory.

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9
Q

True or False: The cerebrum controls involuntary functions.

A

False

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10
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the cerebrum?

A

The internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ artery supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere.

A

middle cerebral

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12
Q

Which artery supplies the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the Circle of Willis? A) A structure that connects the spinal cord B) A vascular structure at the base of the brain C) A type of neuron

A

B) A vascular structure at the base of the brain

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14
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia?

A

The basal ganglia are involved in the regulation of movement and coordination.

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15
Q

True or False: The limbic system is part of the cerebrum and is involved in emotion and memory.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the function of the insula?

A

The insula is involved in consciousness and the perception of bodily states.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ cortex is responsible for the planning and execution of voluntary movements.

A

motor

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18
Q

What is the role of the somatosensory cortex?

A

The somatosensory cortex processes sensory input from the body.

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which lobe is primarily responsible for language comprehension? A) Frontal B) Temporal C) Occipital

A

B) Temporal

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20
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Aphasia is a language disorder that affects communication abilities.

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21
Q

True or False: The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain.

A

True

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22
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

The prefrontal cortex is involved in complex cognitive behavior and decision making.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a critical area for processing auditory information.

A

auditory cortex

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24
Q

What role do glial cells play in the cerebrum?

A

Glial cells support and protect neurons, providing structural and metabolic support.

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25
Multiple Choice: Which part of the cerebrum is involved in memory formation? A) Occipital lobe B) Hippocampus C) Cerebellum
B) Hippocampus
26
What is the role of the thalamus in relation to the cerebrum?
The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebrum.
27
True or False: The cerebrum is responsible for reflex actions.
False
28
What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?
The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing.
29
Fill in the blank: The __________ cortex is essential for processing taste and smell.
gustatory
30
What is the significance of the Broca's area?
Broca's area is involved in speech production and language processing.
31
Multiple Choice: Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying the occipital lobe? A) Posterior cerebral artery B) Anterior cerebral artery C) Middle cerebral artery
A) Posterior cerebral artery
32
What is the role of the Wernicke's area?
Wernicke's area is involved in language comprehension.
33
True or False: The cerebrum contains both gray and white matter.
True
34
What is the difference between gray matter and white matter in the cerebrum?
Gray matter contains neuronal cell bodies, while white matter consists of myelinated axons.
35
Fill in the blank: The __________ lobe is responsible for processing sensory input from the skin and muscles.
parietal
36
What is the significance of the angular gyrus?
The angular gyrus is involved in language processing and spatial awareness.
37
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebrum? A) Speech B) Reflex actions C) Memory
B) Reflex actions
38
True or False: The cerebrum is involved in voluntary actions.
True
39
What is the function of the occipital association areas?
The occipital association areas interpret and integrate visual information.
40
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a key structure in the limbic system associated with emotion.
amygdala
41
What is the primary role of the cingulate gyrus?
The cingulate gyrus is involved in emotional regulation and processing.
42
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating movement? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem
B) Cerebellum
43
True or False: The blood-brain barrier protects the cerebrum from harmful substances.
True
44
What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?
The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres, allowing communication between them.
45
Fill in the blank: The __________ artery supplies blood to the posterior part of the brain.
posterior cerebral
46
What is the role of the primary visual cortex?
The primary visual cortex processes basic visual stimuli such as edges and colors.
47
Multiple Choice: Which area of the brain is involved in the interpretation of music? A) Frontal lobe B) Temporal lobe C) Occipital lobe
B) Temporal lobe
48
True or False: The cerebrum can regenerate neurons.
False
49
What is the function of the primary auditory cortex?
The primary auditory cortex processes sound information.
50
Fill in the blank: The __________ lobe plays a key role in emotional responses and memory.
temporal
51
What is the function of the white matter in the cerebrum?
White matter facilitates communication between different brain regions.
52
Multiple Choice: Which structure is primarily responsible for balance and coordination? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem
B) Cerebellum
53
True or False: The cerebrum is directly involved in regulating heart rate.
False
54
What is the role of the thalamus in sensory processing?
The thalamus filters and relays sensory information to the appropriate cortical areas.
55
Fill in the blank: The __________ cortex is responsible for planning complex motor movements.
premotor
56
What is the significance of the superior longitudinal fasciculus?
The superior longitudinal fasciculus is a white matter tract that connects the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe.
57
Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is part of the limbic system? A) Hippocampus B) Thalamus C) Cerebellum
A) Hippocampus
58
True or False: The cerebrum is involved in both conscious and unconscious processing.
True
59
What is the primary visual pathway in the cerebrum?
The primary visual pathway runs from the retina to the primary visual cortex.
60
Fill in the blank: The __________ cortex integrates sensory input to form a perception of the environment.
association
61
What is the largest area of the brain, and how is it divided?
The cerebrum is the largest brain area, divided into two cerebral hemispheres
62
What separates the cerebral hemispheres, and what connects them?
The longitudinal fissure separates them, and the corpus callosum connects them.
63
What is the surface layer of the cerebrum called, and what is it made of?
The cortex, made of gray matter.
64
What are gyri and sulci, and why are they important?
Gyri are folds; sulci are grooves separating the gyri. They increase the brain's surface area
65
What are the three main surfaces of the cerebrum?
Superolateral, medial, and inferior
66
Name the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobes.
67
Where is the insula located?
Embedded in the lateral sulcus.
68
List the key sulci and gyri of the superolateral surface.
Sulci: Central sulcus, lateral sulcus. Gyri: Precentral, postcentral, superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri.
69
Which gyri are specific to the temporal lobe on this surface?
Superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri
70
Name the key features of the medial surface of the cerebrum.
Gyri: Paracentral lobule, cingulate gyrus. Sulci: Parieto-occipital sulcus, calcarine sulcus.
71
What are the two divisions of the inferior surface of the cerebrum?
Orbital surface (above the orbits) and tentorial surface (rests on the tentorium cerebelli).
72
Name the key sulci and gyri of the inferior surface.
Sulci: Orbital sulcus, collateral sulcus, occipitotemporal sulcus. Gyri: Parahippocampal gyrus, uncus.
73
What is the function of the parahippocampal gyrus?
It is associated with memory and spatial navigation.
74
Where is the primary motor area located, and what is its function?
On the precentral gyrus, controlling voluntary movement.
75
Where is the primary sensory area located, and what does it do?
On the postcentral gyrus, receiving and interpreting sensory input from the body.
76
What is the homunculus, and what does it represent?
A cortical representation of the body on the precentral and postcentral gyri, showing how different body parts are mapped in the brain.
77
A cortical representation of the body on the precentral and postcentral gyri, showing how different body parts are mapped in the brain.
On the superior temporal gyrus, for the reception and interpretation of sound.
78
What is Broca’s area, and where is it located?
Responsible for motor speech production, located above the lateral sulcus, typically in the left hemisphere.
79
What happens in Broca’s aphasia?
Patients have difficulty forming words but can still comprehend speech.
80
Where is Wernicke’s area, and what is its function?
In the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus, for speech comprehension.
81
What happens in Wernicke’s aphasia?
Patients produce irrelevant or nonsensical speech, and they cannot comprehend language.
82
Where is the primary visual area located?
On the posterior pole of the occipital lobe, around the calcarine sulcus.
83
What does the primary visual area do?
Receives and processes visual impressions.
84
Match these functional areas to their Brodmann numbers: Primary motor area: Area __? Primary sensory areas: Area __? Primary visual area: Area __?
Primary motor area: 4 Primary sensory areas: 3, 2, 1 Primary visual area: 17
85
Which Brodmann areas correspond to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
Broca’s area: 44 "Broca sounds old" Wernicke’s area: 22
86
What are the clinical signs of a focal lesion in the precentral gyrus?
Contralateral hemiparesis (weakness or paralysis).
87
What happens with a lesion in the postcentral gyrus?
Contralateral hemisensory loss.
88
What symptoms result from widespread degeneration of the cerebral cortex?
Dementia, including memory loss, disorientation, and cognitive decline.
89
What characterizes frontal lobe syndrome?
Impaired judgment, impulsivity, disinhibition. Difficulty with executive functions and social cognition

Neuroanatomy III (2 decks)

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