Cervical Biomechanics

Question 1

What permits motion in cervical region?

Answer 1

shape of bone and characteristics of discs

Question 2

What guides motion in cervical region?

Answer 2

facet joints

Question 3

What restrains motion in cervical region?

Answer 3

ligaments

Question 4

What produces motion in cervical region?

Answer 4

musculature

Question 5

How is the cervical region subdivided?

Answer 5

occipito-altantal
atlanto-axial
C2-C6
C7

Question 6

Name two types of motion.

Answer 6

Major motion and freeplay motion

Question 7

Somatic Dysfunction commonly involves loss of which type of movement?

Answer 7

freeplay

Question 8

In occipito-atlantal biomechanics what is the range of motion in flexion & extension? sidebending? rotation?

Answer 8

Flexion/Extension - 20 degrees
Sidebending - 5 degrees
Rotation - 3-8 degrees

Question 9

Does occipito Atlantal biomechanics have type I or type II LIKE mechanics?

Answer 9

type 1; usually flexed or extended - rarely neutral

Question 10

What arteries are vulnerable to occipito atlantal dysfunction?

Answer 10

vertebral artery

Question 11

Which muscles are involved with OA?

Answer 11

rectus capitus anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus capitis, rectus capitis posterior minor

Question 12

What is the range of motion in the Atlanto-axial region? rotation? flexion/extension? sidebending?

Answer 12

Rotation 40 degrees
Flexion/Extension 20 degrees
Sidebending 5 degrees

Question 13

Where does most of cervical rotation occur?

Answer 13

between occiput and c2; 50% at C1/C2

Question 14

What type of dysfunction occurs at C1?

Answer 14

rotation

Question 15

What is a contraindication for cervical HVLA?

Answer 15

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 16

What muscles are involved with C1/C2?

Answer 16

obliquus capitis superior and inferior

Question 17

Levator scapulae can restrict which segment?

Answer 17

C1

Question 18

Between C2 and C7 how are the facet joints angled?

Answer 18

at oblique angle

Question 19

What is the movement of the SCM?

Answer 19

sidebends toward and rotates away

Question 20

What is the movement of the anterior scalene muscles?

Answer 20

sidebend and rotate toward

Question 21

What is origin and insertion of splenius capitis?

Answer 21

mastoid and spines of C3-T3

Question 22

What is the origin and insertion of splenius cervicis?

Answer 22

tp of C1-C3 and spines of T3-T6

Question 23

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis capitis?

Answer 23

occiput, tp C4-T7

Question 24

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis cervicis?

Answer 24

sp c2-c5 to tp of T1-T6

Question 25

What is the origin and insertion of semispinalis thoracis?

Answer 25

sp C6-T4 to tp of T6 to T10

Question 26

Skeletal spine can hold only ____ lbs.

Answer 26

4.4 lbs (needs musculature)

Question 27

What type of mechanics do C2-C6 follow?

Answer 27

type II LIKE

Question 28

Where does most flexion and extension happen between C2-C7?

Answer 28

C4-C5 and C5-C6

Question 29

Which position (flexed, extended, neutral) is least common?

Answer 29

neutral

Question 30

In what order would you treat multiple segmental dysfunctions?

Answer 30

1. OA 2. C7/T1 3. C2-C6 4. C1

Question 31

Which vertebral segment does not have a dermatome?

Answer 31

C1

Question 32

In the spine, as loads increase stability (increases/decreases)?

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

The annular fibers are alternating at what angle?

Answer 33

30 degrees

Question 34

At what angle are discs stiffest? weakest?

Answer 34

15 degrees; 90 degrees

Question 35

In which direction do normal discs bulge? flatten?

Answer 35

toward the direction of motion; flatten on opposite side

Question 36

In degenerating discs which direction to discs buldge? flatten?

Answer 36

away from the direction of motion; flatten on same side

Question 37

In which area does disc failure require the greatest force?

Answer 37

lumbar region (5300 N) compared to cervical (75 N)

Question 38

What is a Newton?

Answer 38

unit of force F=ma; one Newton is force required to give a mass of 1 Kg an acceleration of one meter per second per second.

Question 39

Repetitive axial vibration is theorized to be an important factor for ?

Answer 39

disc herniation