Cervical Biomechanics Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the primary motion of the OA?
Flexion/extension
50% of cervical spine flexion/extension occurs here
OA is never _____
Neutral
OA: sidebending and rotation occur in ______ directions
Opposite
What is the primary motion of AA?
Rotation
50% of cervical spine rotation occurs here
AA diagnosis
Only rotation
Never neutral, flexed, extended, or sidebent
What type of mechanics do C2-C7 follow and why?
Type II Like. This is because of the Joints of Luschka.
Force from left to right = ______ translation = ______ sidebending
Right, left
What is cervical rib syndrome?
Extra rib at C7. Associated with thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of brachial plexus and subclavian artery.
What motion occurs when the scalenes unilaterally contract? Bilaterally contract?
They sidebend the neck to the same side with unilateral contraction. Flex the neck with bilateral contraction.
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the first rib during inhalation?
Anterior and middle scalenes
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the second rib during inhalation?
Posterior scalene
What is the name for a spasm in the SCM?
Torticollis
Unilateral contraction of the SCM causes ______
Sidebending toward and rotation away
Bilateral contraction of the SCM causes ______
Flexion of the neck
HVLA is contraindicated at the AA joint for which patients?
Rheumatoid arthritis and Down syndrome
Nerve roots exit ____ their corresponding vertebrae
above
C8 nerve root exits between ____ and _____
C7, T1
What is Spurling’s test?
Evaluation for cervical nerve impingement in which the patient extends the neck and rotates and sidebends toward side being tested. Compression is applied.
Positive test is reproduction of radicular symptoms distant from the neck in the distribution of a cervical spinal root
What does the distraction test do?
Increases diameter of neural foramina. Positive test is relief of cervical radicular symptoms.
What is the scale for deep tendon reflexes?
0: absent reflex 1+: hypoactive 2+: normal 3+: hyperactive 4+: hyperactive and clonus
Which deep tendon reflex is normal?
2+
Which Special Test is used to test for symptoms of myoligamentous compromise?
Distraction test
