cervical CA Flashcards
(24 cards)
cervical CA
- slow malignant change in the tissue forming at the neck of the uterus at the squamacolumna junction
- spreads by direct invasion of surrounding tissues & metastasis to the lungs, bones & liver
- progression from normal cervical cells to dysplasia and then to cervical CA appears to be related to repeated injuries to the cervix
- preventable
- STI
- slow progression over years
risk factors of cervical CA
- low socioeconomics
- early first marriage
- early/frequent intercourse
- multiple sex partners
- STDs
- high parity
- poor hygiene
- immunosuppresion
- smoking
s/s of cervical CA
- precancerous changes are asymptomatic
- back & leg pain
- spotting after intercourse & between periods
- water to dark & foul smelling vaginal discharge
- lengthening of menstrual period
diagnosing cervical CA
- pap test
- schiller iodine test: glycogen staining (+ stain indicates malignancy)
- endoscopic procedures
- colposcopy
- biopsy
stage I cervical CA
confined to cervix
stage II cervical CA
extends beyond cervix but not to the pelvic sidewall of vagina
stage III cervical CA
-extends to the pelvic sidewall and lower third vagina, hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney
stage IV cervical CA
extends beyond the pelvis to the bladder mucose or rectum
nonsurgical interventions of cervical CA
- external radiation
- internal radiation implants
- chemo
- laser tx
- cryosurgery
surgical interventions of cervical CA
- conization
- hysterectomy
- hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
- pelvic exenteration
collaborative care of cervical CA
- HPV vaccine & early tx
- annual pap smears
- teaching of causes & preventive measures
ovarian CA
- malignant neoplasm of the ovaries
- increased susceptibility with BRCA gene
- epithelial cell tumors more frequent in perimenopausal women
- common in white than black
- rare in asians
causes of ovarian CA
- nulliparity
- increasing age
- high fat diet
- HRT
- use of infertility drugs
rarely dx of ovarian CA
abd cavity can accommodate an enlarging ovary without causing symptoms
poor prognosis of ovarian CA
because of the advanced stage at initial dx which is usually II - IV
risk factors for ovarian CA
- increasing age
- high fat diet
- increased # of ovulatory cycles
- HRT
- infertility drugs
- family hx
- hx of BRCA & colon CA
early s/s of ovarian CA
- asymptomatic
- lower abd discomfort
- pelvic heaviness
- decreased appetite
- change in bowel habits
malignant s/s of ovarian CA
- abnormal vaginal bleeding
- increased abd girth
- bowel & bladder dysfunction
- pain
diagnosing ovarian CA
- pelvic exam
- abd/vaginal US
- color doppler imaging
- elevated CA-125
stage 1 tx of ovarian CA
-total abd hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy debulking
stage 2 tx of ovarian CA
radiation & chemo
stage 3 & 4 tx of ovarian CA
- chemo
- debulking
vaginal/vulvar CA
-rare form of genital CA in women
nursing considerations for vaginal/vulva CA
- encourage regular gyne exam
- discuess impact of STDs & smaoking
- emphasize self importance of self examination and regular feminine hygiene
