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T3 Clinical Assessment > Cervical/Lumbar (midterm) > Flashcards

Cervical/Lumbar (midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

the ____ ____ refers to the low back and is made up of 5 vertebrae and their intervertebral disc spaces

A

lumbar spine

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2
Q

T/F L5 - S1 segment is the most common segmentfor problems in the vertebral column

A

true

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3
Q

the lumbar facet joints sit in the _____ plane

A

sagittal

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4
Q

______ is degeneration of the IVD

A

spondylosis

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5
Q

________ is a defect in the pars interarticularis (fracture between laminae and pedicles)

A

spondylolysis

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6
Q

______ is the forward displacement of one vertebrae over another

A

spondylolisthesis

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7
Q

T/F discs make up 25% of the total length of the vertebral column

A

true

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8
Q

______ is the term used to describe any change in the annulus shape causing protrusion beyond normal perimeter

A

herniation

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9
Q

______ is when the nucleus pulposus is only contained by the outer fibres of the annulus fibrosis and supporting ligaments

A

protrusion

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10
Q

______ is the rupture of the nuclear material into the vertebral canal

A

prolapse

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11
Q

_____ is the extension of nuclear material beyond the confines of the posterior longitudinal ligament, above or below the disc space

A

extrusion

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12
Q

______: the extruded nucleus separates from the disc and moves away from the prolapse area

A

sequestration

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13
Q

local pain can indicate which of the following impairments?

a) facet joint irritation
b) mm spasm
c) sciatica
d) trigger points
e) a&b

A

e) a&b

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14
Q

radiating pain can indicate which of the following impairments?

a) ligament sprain
b) nerve root irritation
c) visceral organs
d) systemic conditions

A

b) nerve root irritation

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15
Q

referred pain can indicate which of the following impairments?

a) facet irritation
b) piriformis syndrome
c) trigger points

A

c) trigger points

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16
Q

which special test would you conduct if you suspected a posterolateral disc herniation?

A

straight leg raise

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17
Q

which special test would you conduct if you suspected a posteromedial disc herniation?

A

well leg raise

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18
Q

which test would you conduct if you suspected lumbo sacral nerve irritation?

A

bowstring

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19
Q

which test would you conduct if you suspected a lesion/ irritation to the femoral nerve?

A

femoral/nachlas

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20
Q

if you suspected a disc herniation, space-occupying lesion, or an osteophyte which test would you conduct?

A

Valsalva

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21
Q

if you suspect a patient has intrathecal/ extrathecal pathology, which test would you run?

A

Milgrams

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22
Q

to check and see if a patient is “malingering” which test would you conduct?

A

Hoovers

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23
Q

A patient presents with altered sensation in the spine, particularly the dural sheath which test would you conduct?

A

slump

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24
Q

when testing for weakness in QL what would be a positive result?

a) inability to side bend
b) compensation in the opposite hip
c) the inability to maintain the position you have placed them into

A

b) compensation in the opposite hip

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25
Q

when testing for weakness in the lower abs, what would be a positive result?

A

inability to maintain a pelvic tilt during leg lowering

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26
Q

which of the following tests would be appropriate if you suspected facet joint irritation in the lumbar spine?

a) pheasant
b) milgrams
c) kemps
d) spurlings

A

c) kemps

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27
Q

which of the following tests would be appropriate if you suspected instability in the lumbar spine?

a) kemps
b) segmental instability test
c) pheasent
d) b&c

A

d) b&c

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28
Q

which test would you do if you suspect possible radiculopathy in the cervical spine?

a) spurlings
b) hoovers
c) kemps
d) nachlas

A

a) spurlings

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29
Q

active range of lumbar flexion is usually ______- ____ degrees

a) 30-40 degrees
b) 50-65
c) 40-60

A

c)40-60

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30
Q

active range of extension in the lumbar spine is usually ___-___ degrees

a) 20-30 degrees
b) 20-40 degrees
c) 20 - 35 degrees

A

c) 20-35 degrees

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31
Q

T/F extension will be the first thing tested

A

false

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32
Q

T/F the safest position for lumbar extension is the sphynx position

A

true

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33
Q

active range of side bending in the lumbar spine is normally _____-____ degrees

a)10-20
b) 15- 20
c) 20-30

A

b)15-20

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34
Q

T/F the safest position for testing side bending it high seated

A

true

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35
Q

active trunk rotation is usually _____- _____ degrees

a)10-20
b)0-40
c) 3-18

A

c) 3-18

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36
Q

rotation is primairly restricted due to ____ ____ orientation

A

facet joint

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37
Q

T/F when using overpressure in rotation it does not matter if the patient is pain free or not before applying it

A

false

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38
Q

when a patient experiences pain doing ipsilateral rotation it may indicate which of the following

a) injured/inflamed facet joint surfaces
b) iliosacral ligament or thoracolumbar fascia compression
c) shortened musculature that is irritated/ in spasm
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

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39
Q

resisted testing may be done in a high-seated position after ensuring the patient can hold a ____ ____ which is observed in postural assessment

A

neutral pelvis

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40
Q

a positive result for a straight leg raise test is

A

recreation of neuro signs down the back of the leg

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41
Q

the sciatic nerve (L___-S___) supplies nearly all of the skin of the back of the thigh and those of the legs and foot

A

L4-S3

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42
Q

the two later stages involved in the SLR are which two movements?

a) dorisflexion & forward flexion
b) plantarflexion & forward flexion
c) dorsiflexion & abduction

A

a) dorsiflexion and forward flexion

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43
Q

T/F if the patient cannot flex their neck at all and are exhibiting symptoms of a posterolateral disc herniation they may be suffering from meningitis

A

True

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44
Q

a positive result for a slump test is

A

reproduction of signs and symptoms that are relieved when the head is returned to a neutral posture

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45
Q

a positive result for the bowstring test would be

A

a reoccurrence of the original symptoms

46
Q

T/F if the inflammation of the sciatic nerve is severe and chronic you may be able to feel the nerve

A

true

47
Q

a positive result for the nachalas test would be

A

reproduction of pain or paresthesia over the L2, L3 or L4 dermatome , this indicates femoral nerve irritation

48
Q

the feeling of paraesthesia recreated doing the nachlas test is also known as _______

A

formication

49
Q

a positive result for the segmental instability test would be

A

pain when relaxed

50
Q

T/F it is impossible to test QL in isolation

A

true

51
Q

T/F it is impossible to test the 4 individual abdominal muscles separately but it is clinically important to isolate the upper and lower fibers of the abdominal group

A

true

52
Q

________: areas of altered sensation corresponding to a specific nerve level

A

Dermatomes

53
Q

Dermatomes can be tested by brushing the referral pattern areas, performing the brushing ______, simultaneously ______-______ times

A

bilaterally, 7-10

54
Q

The dermatome associated with the oblique band on the upper anterior thigh, immediately below the inguinal ligament is

a) L2
b) S1
c) L1
d) L4

A

c) L1

55
Q

the dermatome associated with the middle anterior thigh is

a) L3
b) S2
c) L5
d) L2

A

d) L2

56
Q

the dermatome associated with the anterior thigh immediately proximal to the patella is

a) L4
b)L3
c)L2
d)S1

A

a) L3

57
Q

the dermatome associated with the patella, medial thigh and medial aspect of the foot is

a) L4
b)L3
c) S2
d)S1

A

a) L4

58
Q

the dermatome associated with the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot is

a) L4
b)L5
c) S1
d)S2

A

b)L5

59
Q

the dermatome associated with the lateral malleolus and plantar aspect of the foot is

a) L5
b)S1
c)S2
d) L4

A

b)S1

60
Q

the dermatome associated with the back of the leg and thigh is

a) S1
b)L5
c)S2
d)L3

A

c)S2

61
Q

there are ____ cervical nerves, ___ thoracic nerves, _____ lumbar nerves and ____ sacral nerves

A

8, 12, 5, 5

62
Q

dermatomes are mainly supplied by afferent nerve fibers from a single ______ root of a spinal nerve

A

dorsal

63
Q

A ______ refers to a set of muscles innervated by a specific, single, spinal nerve

A

myotome

64
Q

there are ____ spinal nerves, each vertebrae has a spinal nerve

A

31

65
Q

the _____ cervical quadrant test tests for facet irritation in C0-C2

A

Upper

66
Q

there are ____ cervical vertebrae consisting of ____ facet joints

A

7, 14

67
Q

there are ____ cervical nerve roots in the C spine

A

8

68
Q

the greatest amount of extension in the cervical spine occurs in C___& ____

A

C5 & C6

69
Q

T/F C5/6 is the most commonly injured/degenerated level

A

true

70
Q

the tvps are made up of 2 parts, _______ & _______

A

anterior & posterior

71
Q

T/F cervical spinous process and transverse process present strictly for muscle attachment purposes

A

true

72
Q

available movements at the atlanto occipital joint (C0-C1) includes _______,______ & ________

A

flexion, extension and lateral flexion

73
Q

available movements at the atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2) include _____ _____ & _________

A

flexion, extension, and rotation

74
Q

available movements in the intracervical region (C2-C7) includes _______, ________ , _______ & ______

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation

75
Q

the resting position of the cervical spine is…

A

midway between flexion and extension

76
Q

the close-packed position of the cervical spine is full ______

A

extension

77
Q

the cervical spines capsular pattern is ______ and _______ as well as _______

A

side flexion, rotation and extension

78
Q

T/F radicular symptoms do not go down the arm for a C4 nerve root injury and above

A

true

79
Q

_______ is prevalent amongst persons > 25 years of age where are _____ is prevalent amongst persons < 65 years of age

A

spondylosis, OA

80
Q

which structures would you want to rule out if a patient is presenting with a cervical impairment?

a) TMJ
b) shoulder
c) T- spine
d) VBA
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

81
Q

positive signs for the VBA test include:

a) dizziness
b) diplopia
c) dysphagia
d) dysarthria
e) all of the above

A

all of the above

82
Q

T/F during active free ROM the stretch pain will be at the end range of the movement

A

true

83
Q

name a compensatory movement the patient could do while testing cervical spine flexion

A

opening their mouth

84
Q

while going through AFROM testing for flexion in the cervical spine, watch for _____ bulging of the SP of C2. This is indicative of forward subluxation of C2

A

posterior

85
Q

a compensatory movement the patient could do while testing AFROM extension of the cervical spine would be

A

shoulder elevation

86
Q

T/F side flexion is done in the sagittal plane

A

false, it is done in the frontal plane

87
Q

a compensatory movement the patient could do while testing side flexion AFROM in the cervical spine is

A

moving the shoulder towards the ear

88
Q

T/F PROM flexion almost always gets more range than AF/AROM

A

true

89
Q

T/F overpressure is applied to every available movement during PROM

A

false, not extension

90
Q

weakness without pain during active resisted testing suggests which of the following

a) nerve root problems
b) myotome issues
c) a&b
d) dermatome issues

A

c) a&b

91
Q

which of the following will test for foraminal compression?

a) spurlings
b) cervical upper quadrant
c) tinels sign
d) chvostek’s sign

A

a) spurlings

92
Q

which of the following will test for hyperexcitability of the facial nerves?

a) cervical upper quadrant
b) cervical lower quadrant
c) tinel’s sign
d) chvostek’s sign

A

d) chvostek’s

93
Q

which of the following tests for possible cervical radiculopathy?

a) chvostek’s sign
b) cervical compression test
c) cervical upper quadrant

A

b) cervical compression test

94
Q

a positive sign for the cervical compression test would be

a) a facial twitch
b) pain radiating into the arm/arms
c) dizziness

A

b) pain radiating into the arm/arms

95
Q

the _________ test is designed to alleviate symptoms of radicular nature

A

distraction

96
Q

a positive sign for the distraction test would be the pain being ______ when the head is distracted

A

relieved

97
Q

the cervical upper quadrant test is designed to evaluate _____ _____ in C0-C2

A

facet irritation

98
Q

the cervical lower quadrant test is designed to evaluate facet irritation C__ - C___

A

C2-C7

99
Q

the Valsalva test is deigned to determine the effect of increased _____ on the spinal cord

A

pressure

100
Q

a positive sign for the Valsalva test is

a) radicular pain in the arms
b) increased pain due to intrathecal pressure
c) dizziness
d) a&B

A

d) a&b

101
Q

_______ sign tests for brachial plexus lesions

A

Tinel’s

102
Q

a positive sign for Tinel’s sign is a _____ sensation in the distribution of a nerve on the ipsilateral side

A

tingling

103
Q

a positive tinel’s sign means the lesion is anatomically _______ and some recovery is occuring

A

intact

104
Q

a positive _______ sign is a twitch of the masseter muscle or the lateral lip

A

Chvostek’s

105
Q

if there is severe weakness without pain this suggests a ________ problem

A

neurological

106
Q

if there is weakness with pain, this suggests a moderate to severe ________ ________

A

muscle strain

107
Q

the C5 dermatome referral pattern is the _____ ______

A

lateral shoulder

108
Q

the C6 dermatome referral pattern is the ______ & ________ ______

A

thumb and index finger

109
Q

the C7 dermatome referral pattern is the _____ ______

A

middle finger

110
Q

the C8 dermatome referral pattern is the ________ and ____ ____

A

4th and little finger

111
Q

the T1 dermatome referral pattern is the _____ _____

A

medial elbow

T3 Clinical Assessment (2 decks)

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