Cervical Spine

Question 0

What does the ALL limit?

Answer 0

Extension

Question 1

What is continuous of the anterior atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial membrane?

Answer 1

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 2

What is continuous of the tectorial ligament?

Answer 2

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 4

What does the tectorial ligament limit?

Answer 4

Forward flexion

Question 5

What is the function of the PLL?

Answer 5

Keeps disc from moving posteriorly which is why you don’t get a lot of posterior disc displacements in the C/S

Question 6

What are the upper cervical vertebrae?

Answer 6

C1 and C2

Question 7

What is the C1 vertebrae called?

Answer 7

Atlas

Question 8

What is the C2 vertebrae called?

Answer 8

Axis

Question 9

What are the lower cervical vertebrae?

Answer 9

C3-C7

Question 10

What is the shape of the atlas facets?

Answer 10

Superior facets - concave

Inferior facets - convex

Question 11

What is the shape of the occiput?

Answer 11

Convex

Question 12

Which vertebrae has the dens?

Answer 12

Axis

Question 13

What plane do the superior facets of the atlas sit in and what do they do?

Answer 13

Horizontal plane - aid in rotation

Question 14

How are the inferior facets of the atlas oriented?

Answer 14

45* from the horizontal plane

Question 15

How are the superior and inferior facets of the axis oriented?

Answer 15

Superior - upward and laterally

Inferior - anteriorly

Question 16

What is the function of the transverse ligament?

Answer 16

Prevents anterior displacement of C1 on C2

Question 17

What two conditions have decreased integrity of the transverse ligament?

Answer 17

RA and Down syndrome

Question 18

What is the function of the alar ligament?

Answer 18

Tighten with flexion, limits lateral flexion to the opposite (contralateral) side, and limits rotation to both sides

Question 19

What is the function of the L alar ligament?

Answer 19

R rotation

Question 20

How many degrees does the alar ligament allow for rotation?

Answer 20

20*

Question 21

In which direction is the IV disc thickest in the C/S?

Answer 21

Anteriorly

Question 22

In which direction is the annulus minimal in the C/S?

Answer 22

Laterally

Question 23

In which direction are the discs most commonly displaced in the C/S?

Answer 23

Anteriorly

Question 24

In which section of the spine contain the joints of Luschka?

Answer 24

C/S

Question 25

When is the annulus stressed in the C/S?

Answer 25

Extension - different than the lumbar spine where annulus is stressed with flexion and rotation

Question 26

Damage to what ligament is usually associated with disc herniations in the C/S?

Answer 26

PLL

Question 27

What is the orientation of the facet joints in the lower cervical region?

Answer 27

45* from the horizontal plane

Question 28

What occurs during extension in the lower C/S?

Answer 28

Inferior glide of the facet with posterior tilt and posterior translation

Question 29

What are the functions of the C/S?

Answer 29

Motion and protects the spinal cord

Question 30

What is the shape of the atlanto-occipital joint and what motion does it do?

Answer 30

Convex on concave - "yes"

Question 31

What occurs during flexion of the OA joint?

Answer 31

Occipital rolls forward and glides posteriorly

Question 32

What is ROM for the OA joint?

Answer 32

10-30*

Question 33

What does the atlantoaxial (AA) joint do?

Answer 33

Rotation - "no"

Question 34

What is ROM for the AA joint?

Answer 34

45* to both sides - 55-58% of total motion

Question 35

What occurs during flexion?

Answer 35

Anterior tilt and anterior glide

Question 36

What occurs during extension?

Answer 36

Posterior tilt and posterior translation

Question 37

What occurs during rotation?

Answer 37

Coupled with ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 38

What occurs during lateral flexion?

Answer 38

Coupled with ipsilateral rotation

Question 39

What occur to the same side in the C/S?

Answer 39

Side bending and rotation

Question 40

What limits extension?

Answer 40

Facet joints and discs

Question 41

What limits flexion?

Answer 41

Posterior ligaments between the spinous processes

Question 42

What is the action of the trapezius?

Answer 42

Extension, ipsilateral lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

Question 43

What is the function of the levator scapulae?

Answer 43

Ipsilateral flexion and rotation, produces posterior sheer, and increases activity with forward head

Question 44

What muscle pulls the vertebrae posteriorly?

Answer 44

Levator scapulae

Question 45

What muscles provide compression to stabilize the C/S?

Answer 45

Anterior muscles

Question 46

What is the function of the scalenes?

Answer 46

Frontal plane stabilizers, assist with breathing, flexion, ipsilateral flexion, and contralateral rotation

Question 47

What two muscles work together?

Answer 47

Levator scapulae and scalenes

Question 48

What is the function of the longissimus capitis and cervicis?

Answer 48

Compression, stabilize head, and frontal plane stabilizers

Question 49

What are two important muscles to strengthen in order to stabilize our head?

Answer 49

Longissimus capitis and cervicis

Question 50

What is the function of the suboccipital muscles?

Answer 50

Occipital extension, ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion, proprioceptive, and fine tune motion

Question 51

What is the function of the splenius capitis and cervicis?

Answer 51

Extension and ipsilateral rotation

Question 52

What muscles are the prime movers?

Answer 52

Splenius capitis and cervicis

Question 53

Are the splenius capitis and cervicis active at rest?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

What muscles are a common source of headaches?

Answer 54

Splenius capitis and cervicis

Question 55

What is the function of the SCM?

Answer 55

Ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation

Question 56

What is the function of the longus capitis and colli?

Answer 56

Compression of the C/S and stabilizers that work with the upper trapezius

Question 59

What is another name for the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 59

Tectorial ligament