Cestoda Intro Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Differences between Trematoda and Cestoda
A
Cestoda:
- Have a flat tap-like body
- Made of up of hermarphroditic segments called proglottids (whole chain called strobila)
- Lack mouth and digestive tract
- Endoparasitic in vertebrat’s gut
- Larvae infect both vertebrates and invertebrates
2
Q
Scolex position
A
Anterior end of tapeworm’s head
3
Q
Scolex contains
A
Hooks and Sucker (spines, glands, muscles to help maintain position in gut)
4
Q
Scolex most important feature
A
Sucker: Facilitates attachment
5
Q
Two types of scolex
A
- Acetabulate
- Bothraite
6
Q
Acetabulate Description
A
- 4 Muscular Suction Cups, spaced equally
- Cup Shaped, circular
- Heavy Muscular Wall
- Some have Rostellum
7
Q
What is Rostellum
A
Some tapeworms have knob-like projection to anchor intestinal wall
8
Q
Rostellum species example
A
Taenia solium
9
Q
Rostellum Other name
A
Armed Scolex
10
Q
Example of Acetabulate without Rostellum
A
(Unarmed Scolex)
Taenia saginata
11
Q
Importance of presence, #, size shape of hooks
A
Taxonomy
12
Q
What is bothraite
A
-Presence of 2 (Rarely 4/6) shallow grooves with suction powers called Bothria
13
Q
Bothria
A
Present in Bothraie
14
Q
Where is the neck
A
Below Scolex
15
Q
Importance of neck
A
Zone of Proliferation
-Contains Stem Cells
16
Q
Neck Function
A
Give rise to new Proglottids
17
Q
Multiple Proglottids Name
A
True Tapeworms
-Polyzoic
18
Q
Single set of Reproductive organs Tapeworm Name
A
Monozoic
-rare
19
Q
Praziquantel damages
A
Tegument of the Neck
20
Q
Strobilization
A
Asexual formation of strobila
21
Q
Strobila
A
Chain of Proglottids
22
Q
Strobila Region Groups
A
- Immature
- Mature
- Gravid Proglottids
23
Q
Locations of Strobila groups
A
Immature towards anterior by neck. Mature posterior. More posterior ones are more reproductively developed, contains eggs
24
Q
Are organs in immature strobila
A
Visible but nonfunctional
25
Gravid Proglottids are filled with
Eggs or Shelled embryos
26
Proglottids Release Mechanism Names
- Apolytic
| - Anapolytic
27
Apolytic
Gravid proglottid detach and pass out while CONTAINING EGGS through Feces
28
Anapolytic
Shelled Eggs are released via Uterine Pore INSIDE HOST INTESTINES. Empty proglottids, along free eggs pass via feces
-Eggs must reach water for further development
29
Apolytic Species Example
Taenia solium
| Taenia saginata
30
Anapolytic Species Example
Diphyllobothrium latum
31
Cestode lack
Digestive tract so must absorb required substances through external covering
32
Importance of tegument
absorb required substances
33
Microtriches
Minute projections covering Tegument. Vary species and location on strobila
34
Microthrix
Single Microtriches
35
Microthrix have what
Apical tip
| -Porvides resistance to parasite of intestine
36
Microthrix benefit of apical tips
Agitate intestinal walls, increasing nutrients accessibility
37
Glycocalyx
Layer covering entire Tegument Surface
38
Glycocalyx benefit
Protext from from host's digestive enzymes and enhance nutrient absorption
39
Tegument importance of nuclei
Like nuclei are Syncytial and have distal/proximal
40
Distal cytoplasm contains
Mitochondria, electron dense bodies
41
Proximal region contain
Major cell organelle, multiple nuclei
42
Cyton
Suck deep in parenchyma
| -Site for Protein Synthesis
43
Cyton production
Transcoalted to distal cytoplasm to maintain glycocalyc and microthrices
44
Tegumental Musculature
- 2 Layers of musculature between distal/proximal
- Outer: Circular
- Inner: Longitudianl
45
Parenchyma cells importance
Glycogen Production
46
Excretion occurs how
Like in other flatworms, FLAME CELLS
47
Monoecious or dioecious
Both
48
Reproductive system differs from Trematode how
- Uterus meets with a dead
- Separate Vaginal Canal
- Self Fertilization (proglottid can copulate with itself)
49
Male sperm path
```
Testis
Vas Efferens
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicle
Cirrus
(Some species have cures spines to hold genital pore in place)
```
50
Female reproductive path
Ovary
Oviduct
Ootype
Seminal Receptacle
51
Ootype Description
- Mehlis' gland
| - Vitelline Duct enters Oviduct
52
Vitelline duct
Vitelline glands clumped like trematodes
53
Vitelline glands
Help in egg shell and yolk formation
54
Vagina
Organ joins oviduct to carry sperm from Genital Atrium to Oviduct for fertilization
55
Seminal Receptacle
Sperm stored here in Vagina portion
56
Shelled eggs pass through
From Oviduct through Uterus out Uterine Pore
57
Taenia Uterus
Blind sac in which developing eggs accumulate. Swollen with eggs
58
how copulation occurs
Cirrus of one proglottid inserted into another proglottid vagina of the same or different worm and sperm ejacultes
59
Sperm travels to
Seminal Receptacle to be stored
60
Hypodermic Impregnation
- Some Species
| - Cirrus forced through body wall, especially in those that lack vagina
61
Cross fertilization importance
Desired to ensure vitality and prevent heavy inbreeding
62
Unlike trematode eggs, restore eggs
Most lack Operculum
63
Eggs hatch to what
Embryo called Oncosphere (Hooked)
64
Oncosphere
- 6 hooks encased in Inner Envelope that is encased by another membrane, Embryophore
- Outer envelope
65
Inner envelope
encased by another membrane, Embryophore
66
Outer envelope
lies between embryophore and other outermost covering Shell/Capsule
67
Types of Tapeworm Eggs
1. Pseudophyllidean
2. Dipylidean
3. Taenioid
68
Pseudophyllidean Egg
- Similar to Trematode
- Thick shell,
- Operculum
- Ciliated Embryophore
- Numerous Vitelline Cells (Provide Nourishment)
- Coracidium
69
Dipylidean Egg
- thin shell
- Nonciliated Emryophore
- Think Outer Envelope
- Few Vitelline Cells
70
Taenioid Eggs
- No shell
- Thick Nociliated Embryophore
- No Outer Envelope
71
Pseudophyllidean Eggs Species Example
Diphyllobothrium latum
72
Dipylidium Egg Species Example
Dipylidium
73
Taenioid Eggs Species Example
Taenia
| Echinococcus
74
Coracidium
- Phase in Pseudophyllidean
- Zygote develops into Oncosphere
- Covered by Ciliated Embryophore
- Helps in Swimming after Hatching
75
Fundamental Life Cycle Types
Order Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea
76
Pseudophyllidea Pattern Beginning
- Eggs contain CORACIDIA
- Eggs leaves Host feces to meet water
- Larvae escape through Operculum
- Swim with Ciliated Embryophore
77
Pseudophyllidea Pattern 1st intermediate host part
- 1st intermediate host:Aquatic Arthropod
- Get in Hemocoel and lose ciliary
- Transform into PROCERCOID
- Oncosphere hooks are retained in CERCOMER(tail-like structure)
78
Pseudophyllidea Pattern 2nd intermediate host part
- 2nd intermediate host: fish (Fish ingests arthropod)
- Procercoid Migrates around body transforming into PLERCERCOID (shows initial scolex/strobila)
- Human eat infected fish
- Attaches to small intestine wall
- Strobilization begins
79
Infective stage of Pseudophyllidea Pattern
Plerocercoid
80
Cyclophyllidean Pattern restricted to
Terrestrial Host only
81
Cyclophyllidean Pattern lack
Ciliated Embryophore and Operculum
82
Cyclophyllidean Pattern have dissimilar
Larval stages. 3 common
83
Cyclophyllidean Pattern 1
- Eggs are inactive till eaten by intermediate invertebrate host
- Eggs hatch in insect's gut
- Release Oncosphere
- Enter Hemocoel using 6 hooks
- Become CYSTICERCOID
84
Cysticercoid
- Cyclophyllidean Pattern 1
- Immature adult with fully developed scolex, surrounded by cystic layers
- Cystic Layers dissolve in gut freeing scolex/neck
- Strobilization begins
85
Cyclophyllidean Pattern Species Example
Hympenolepis
86
Cyclophyllidean Pattern 2
- Vertebrate intermediate host (cow/pig) ingest eggs
- Oncosphere enter intestinal lining
- Enter Systemic Circulation
- Travel to Organs to become CYSTICERCUS
87
Cyclophyllidean Pattern 2 Species Example
Taenia
88
Cyclophyllidean Pattern 2 Note
Invaginated scolex
89
Cyclophyllidean Pattern 3
- HYDATID cysts
- Form Invagination on walls
- Form brood capsules
- If scolex present and ingested, develop into Adult worms
90
Cyclophyllidean Pattern 3 Example
Echinococcus
