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CESTODES Flashcards

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1
Q

Enumerate the 2 divisions of Cestodes

A

Pseudophyllidean
Cyclophyllidean

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2
Q

Cestodes are described to have a

A

Ribbon-like, segmented flattened structure

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3
Q

Also known as oncosphere

A

Hexacanth embryo

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4
Q

Features of Adult TW:
1. Organ of attachment
2. Region for growth
3. Chain of developing proglottids
4. Type of reproductive system which exhibits hermaphrotism

(ACRASPETODE/ CRASPETODE)
5. Proglottids overlap
6. Proglottids do not overlap

(APOLYTIC / ANAPOLYTIC)
7. Segments are detached with mature eggs
8. Proglottids are shed when they are exhausted

A
  1. Scolex
  2. Neck
  3. Strobila
  4. Protandry
  5. Craspetode
  6. Acraspetode
  7. Apolytic
  8. Anapolytic
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5
Q

A 14-year-old, severely mentally disabled boy, who was
institutionalized in a state facility, was evaluated for episodes of chronic diarrhea, anal pruritis, restless nights, and occasional vomiting. Significant laboratory findings were a 10% eosinophilia, an IgE level of 225 IU/mL, and microscopic examination of a stool concentrate that revealed
two thin-shelled, oval-shaped eggs measuring 45 by 35 um
in size and containing three pairs of hooklets and polar
filaments.

a. What is the most likely identification of the parasite in
question?

b. What is the preferred treatment for infection caused by this organism?

A

a. Hymenolepis nana
b. Praziquantel

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6
Q

A persistent cough, localized pain, and liver and lung
involvement are associated with an infection with
which of the following cestodes?
A. Diphyllobothrium latum
B. Echinococcus granulosus
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

A

B

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7
Q

What order of the cestode has an Almond-shaped scolex, with 2 sucking groves

A

Pseudophyllidean

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8
Q

What order of the Cestodes have a scolex with globular, club- shaped with 4 muscular suckers

A

Cyclophyllidean

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9
Q

Enumerate the following for Pseudophyllidean:
a. Genital pore
b. Uterine pore
c. Ova
d. Oncosphere
e. Larva
f. Example of

A

a. center
b. center
c. operculated; immature
d. Coracidium; ciliated
e. Solid
f. Diphyllobothrium latum
e. Solid

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10
Q

Enumerate the following for Cyclophyllidean:
a. Genital pore
b. Uterine pore
c. Ova
d. Oncosphere
e. Larva
f. Example of

A

a. Margins
b. Absent
c. Non operculated; mature
d. Hexacanth embryo
e. Cystic
f. T. solium, T. saginata, H. nana, H. diminuta, D. caninum, M. multiceps, E. granulosus, E. multiocularis

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11
Q

Enumerate the 2 main classes of larvae in Cestodes

A

Solid
Vesicular/Bladder/Cystic

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12
Q

Classes of Larvae: Solid
a. It has no scolex, with oncospiral hooks (6 hooks). Known to be the 2nd larval stage
b. With solid body, developing scolex & strobila. Known to be the 3rd larval stage

A

a. Proceroid
b. Plerocercoid

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13
Q

What is the common name of Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Fish tapeworm / Broad fish tapeworm

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14
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum:
1. What is the infective stage?
2. Enumerate the 1st IH and 2nd IH
3. Describe its ova
4. This swims freely in water
5. Larvae has 3 pairs of hooklets
6. Larvae has no scolex

A
  1. Plerocercoid larvae
  2. 1st (Copepods), 2nd (Fresh water fish: Salmon, Trout, White fish)
  3. Yellow to brown; operculum at 1 end /Terminal knob
  4. Coracidium
  5. Procercoid
  6. Plerocercoid
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15
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum:
1. The larvae that is described as glistening opaque white
2. Disease that is described as Macrocytic normochromic anemia
3. Sparganosis is caused by
4. Laboratory diagnosis for D. latum is done through?
5. Give 1 antibiotic for the treatment used for D. latum
6. Give the % of ethyl alcohol, used to kill the plerocercoid larva
7. Prevention of D. latum is done through freezing at what temp?

A
  1. Pleroceroid larvae
  2. Bothriocephalus anemia
  3. Spirometra
  4. Examination of eggs & proglottids in feces
  5. Niclosamide, Praziquantel, Quinacrine HCl
  6. 40%
  7. -18C (24 hours) or -10C (48 hrs)
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16
Q

What parasite causes Diphyllobothriasis?

  1. The primary pathology associated with a D. latum
    infection is which of the following?
    A. Eosinophilic pneumonitis
    B. Vitamin D deficiency
    C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
    D. Fat malabsorption
A

Diphyllobothrium latum

  1. C
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17
Q

The egg of D. latum is unique among the cestodes in
that it contains which of the following?
A. An operculum and terminal knob
B. Radial striations and oncosphere
C. An operculum and lateral spine
D. A ciliated rhabditiform larva

A

A

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18
Q

Which of the following associations is correct for D.
latum?
A. Snail-coracidium
B. Copepod-procercoid
C. Fish-cysticercus
D. Beetle-pleurocercoid

A

B

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19
Q

This condition results from ingesting the procercoid larvae of D. latum as well as that of
other related Diphyllobothrium species

A

Sparganosis

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20
Q

It has a common name of Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

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21
Q

It has a common name of Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

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22
Q

Enumerate the Infective stage of:
a. Taenia solium
b. Taenia saginata

A

a. cysticercus cellulosae
b. cysticercus bovis

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23
Q

Known to be the largest human tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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24
Q

Diphyllobothium anemia interferes with what factor?

A

Intrinsic and Vitamin B12 absorption

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25
To examine the proglottides in the feces of T. solium and T. saginata, what dye is injected and what gauge is used?
India Ink / Safranin Gauge 26
26
Identify if its T. solium or T. saginata 1. Scolex a. globular in shape. 4 cup-shaped suckers with a rostellum armed with hooklets arranged in 2 rows b. pyriform in shape with 4 muscular suckers. It has no rostellum nor hook 2. Mature proglottids a. Roughly squared. Unilateral or irregular genital pore b. Irregularly alternate lateral genital pore c. Contains an accessory ovarian lobe d. Does not contain an accessory ovarian lobe 3. Segments a. 1000-2000 b. 800-1000 4. Testes a. 150-200 b. 300-400 5. Uterine branches a. 15-30 b. 7-12
1. a (T. solium) b. (T. saginata) 2. a (T. solium) b. (T. saginata) c (T. solium) d. (T. saginata) 3. a (T. saginata) b (T. solium) 4. a (T. solium) b. (T. saginata) 5. a (T. saginata) b (T. solium)
27
What disease is defined as the accidental ingestion of aerosol eggs & proglottids in Taenia solium
Neurocysticercosis
28
Known to be the Aborigines of Taiwan
Taiwan taenia
29
Taiwan taenia a. Describe the adult scolex b. How many branches are present in the gravid segments
a. unarmed b. 11-32 branches
30
Which of the following are key distinguishing factors in differentiating an infection between T. saginata and T. solium? A. Egg morphology and number of uterine branches in proglottid B. Presence of hooklets on scolex and egg morphology C. Presence of hooklets and number of uterine branches in proglottid D. Egg morphology and presence of suckers on scolex
C
31
Which is the preferred drug for treating intestinal infection by Taenia spp.? A. Praziquantel B. Penicillin C. Nicolasamide D. Pentamidine
A
32
What is the common name of Hymenolepis nana?
Dwarf tapeworm
33
What is the common name of Hymenolepis diminuta?
Rat tapeworm
34
Hymenolepis spp 1. It is caused by Dwarf tapeworm disease 2. It is caused by Rat tapeworm disease
1. Hymenolepis nana 2. Hymenolepis diminuta
35
What is the synonym name for H. nana?
Vampirolepis nana
36
Hymenolepis nana a. Enumerate the IH and specie under this parasite b. What is the Infective stage?
a. Fleas (rice & flour bettle) - Tenebrio spp b. embryonated ova (Direct Life Cycle) and cysticercoid larva (Indirect Life Cycle)
37
This Hymenolepis species have a scolex of rectractable rostellum with 20-30 Y shaped
Hymenolepis nana
38
True about Dwarf TW infection I. Generalized toxemia is due to the absorption of metabolic waste II. Periodic diarrhea III. Pruritus ani IV. Bloody diarrhea a. I, II b. I, III c. I, II, III d. I, II, IV
C
39
Enumerate the Intermediate Host of Hymenolepis diminuta
cockroach, beetle, rat flease
40
Identify the Hymenolepis species described 1. Scolex a. Globular, short refractile rostellum that has a 4 cup shaped suckers b. unarmed rostellum with no hooks and 4 suckers 2. Give the number of Segments a. H. nana b. H. diminuta 3. What Hymenolepis spp has a mature proglottid of 4 x broad as long and has a 3 round testes & bilobed ovary? 4. What Hymenolepis spp has a gravid proglottid with sacculate uterus? 5. Ova a. Has no polar filament b. 4-8 polar filaments 6. Enumerate the habitat/s a. H. nana b. H. diminuta
1. a (H. nana) b. (H. diminuta 2. a (200) b (800-1000) 3. Both 4. Both 5. a (H. diminuta) b (H. nana) 6. a ( upper 2/3 ileum) b(SI of rats and mice)
41
Prevention and control measures against H. diminuta include all except which of the following? A. Vaccination program B. Effective rodent control C. Inspection of food prior to consumption D. Protection of food from rodents
A
42
Which of the following is characteristic of an H. diminuta egg? A. Spherical, with radial striations B. Ellipsoid, with terminal polar plugs C. Oval, with thin shell and polar filaments D. Oval, with polar thickenings and no filaments
D
43
The infective stage of H. diminuta for humans is which of the following? A. Rhabditiform larva B. Cysticeroid larva C. Embryonated egg D. Encysted form
B
44
Common name: Double-pored / Dog tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
45
What disease is caused by Dipylidium caninum?
Dipylidiasis Dog or cat TW
46
A primary differential feature between an H. nana egg and H. diminuta egg is which of the following? A. A flattened side for H. diminuta egg B. A thick shell for H. nana egg C. Polar filaments in H. nana egg D. Radial striations in H. diminuta egg
C
47
Dipylidium caninum a. Habitat b. What is the infective stage? c. Enumerate the Intermediate Host
a. lumen of the SI b. Cysticercoid larvae c. cat/dog fleas, human fleas (Pulex irritans)
48
The proglottids resembles the pumpkin seed shaped or melon seed shaped
Dipylidium caninum
49
Ova is described to have a thick transparent albuminous covering with membranes. It contains an oncosphere with 3 pairs of delicate hooklet (Egg pokets)
Dipylidium caninum
50
Describe the scolex of Dipylidium caninum
four suckers and a club-shaped armed rostellum
51
True or False D. caninum diagnosis is based on the recovery of the characteristic egg packets or gravid proglottids in stool samples
TRUE
52
A unique characteristic of Dipylidium caninum is which of the following? A. Lack of suckers on the scolex B. Formation of egg packets C. Proglottid resemblance to Taenia solium D. Alternation of female and male proglottids
B
53
A 2-year-old girl and her pet dog were diagnosed with D. caninum infection. This infection was acquired by which of the following? A. Ingestion of the parasite’s egg B. Penetration of soil larva C. Ingestion of a flea D. Consumption of poorly cooked beef
A
54
Treatment of choice used for Dipylidium caninum
Quinacrine Niclosamide Bithionol
55
What is the common name for Multiceps multiceps or Taenia multicep?
Gidworm
56
What cestodes has an Intermediate host of Herbivores?
Multiceps multiceps
57
Multiceps multiceps a. What is the infective stage? b. Describe the morphology of an adult scelex? c. Disease caused by M. muticeps d. Give an antibiotic used
a. Embryonated egg b. Pyriform with double circles of rostellar hook c. Cerebral and ocular coenurosis d. Praziquantel
58
A common intestinal cestode in the Philippines
Raillientina garrisoni
59
A parasite that has a rostellum armed with 90-140 hammer shaped hooks
Raillientina garrisoni
60
True for Raillientina garrisoni I. Mature proglottid: 36-50 ovoid testes II. IH: Flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) III. Proglottids may be found in fecal samples IV. IS: Cysticercoid a. I, II, III b. I, II, IV c. I and II d. All of these
D
61
What is the common name of Echinococcus granulosus?
Hydatid Worm
62
Echinococcus granulosus a. What is the Infective stage? b. Enumerate the Intermediate Host c. Give 2 diseases associated with E. granulosus d. Ova cannot be differentiated from what species? e. How many branches of proglottids are present?
a. Embryonated ova b. Sheep, cattle, horses c. Hydatid disease & Unilocular echinococcosis d. Taenia species e. 12-15
63
TRUE OR FALSE In Echinococcus granulosus, a man is parasitized only by larva (hydatid cyst) of the tapeworm
TRUE
64
What parasite has a double crown of 20-36 hooklets?
Echinococcus granulosus
65
TRUE OR FALSE Hydatid Cyst affects the lungs (66%) followed by liver (22%), kidney (3%) and the brain
TRUE
66
Identify what is being described under the components of Hydatid Cyst: 1. outermost morphological contour and is responsible for the uptake of essential resources from the host 2. asexually buds from the brood capsule - protrudes from the germinal layer - develops into an adult 3. harbors tegumental materials and shed from the protoscolex and resources derived from metabolic turnover of the germinal layer
1. germinal layer 2. protoscolex 3. hydatid fluid
67
In the laboratory diagnosis for Echinococcus granulosus, Immunoelectropheris used what antigen?
Arc 5
68
In the treatment for Echinococcus granulosus, the replacement of cyst fluid is obtained with what?
2% silver nitrate 10% formalin
69
Type of hydatid cyst, that is the most prevalent human type of hydatid cyst
Unilocular
70
What parasite causes brain damage, specifically Jacksonian epilepsy
Echinococcus granulosus
71
Which of the following procedures would not be appropriate for diagnosing an infection with Echinococcus granulosus? A. Serologic procedure, such as ELISA B. O&P examination of stool specimen C. CT scan of suspect organ D. Biopsy of cyst
B
72
State the common name of each of the following cestodes A. Taenia saginata B. Dipylidium caninum C. Hymenolepis nana D. Diphyllobothrium latum E. Taenia solium F. Echinococcus granulosus G. Hymenolepis diminuta
A. Beef tapewrom B. Dog tapeword/ doublepored C. Dwarf tapeworm D. Fish tapeworm / broad E. Pork tapeworm F. Hydatid worm G. Rat tapeworm
73
Mode of transmission of this parasite is through fecal-oral route by eating raw plants
Echinococcus multiocularis
74
What is the Definitive Host for Echinococcus multiocularis?
Fox, canine, cayotes, cats
75
This parasite causes Alveolar Hydatidosis
Echinococcus multiocularis
76
Echinococcus multiocularis a. Habitat b. How many segments c. Resistant to what antibiotic d. Uses high doses of antibiotic
a. Liver b. 3-5 c. Praziquantel d. Albendazole

CESTODES "TAPEWORMS" (1 decks)

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