Cestodes Flashcards by Chris Rey

CN Hymenolepis diminuta

Rat tapeworm

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CN diphyllobothrium latium

Broad tapeworm/ fish tapeworm

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proglottids taenia saginata

1000-4000

Apolysis; in single

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Length of adult: dipyllidium caninum

10-70cm

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Final host: raillietina garrisoni

Rat

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Egg: Taenia solium

Spherical, striated, thick embryophore surrounding a hexacanth embryo (30 000 - 50 000 eggs per proglottid)

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Pathology hymenolepis nana

Intstinal irritation (enteritis) 
Pruritis: nose and anus
Diarrhea
Anorexia
Abdominal pain

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Diagnosis H. Diminuta

Stool exam: egg, scolex

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Scolex echinococcus granulosus

Pyriform: 4 cuplike suckers
ARMED: rostellum with 30-36 hooks

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Intermediate host: raillietina garrisoni

Flour beetle: Tribolium confusum

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Pathology: diphyllobothrium latum

Bothriocephalus

Anemia due to vit b12 deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)

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Mature/gravid segment: taenia solium

7-15 lateral branches (dendritic or fingerlike)

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Mature/gravid segment: echinococcus granulosus

Midline uterus with Taenia-like egg

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Intermediate host: diphyllobothrium latum

1st: Cyclops
Diaptomus
2nd: Fish (perch, pike, salmon, trout)

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Pathology: echinococcus granulosus

Liver cyst: jaundice
Lung cyst: bloody sputum
Brain cyst: epilepsy

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Diagnosis: diphyllobothrium latum

Stool exam
Gastric analysis
Pernicious anemia –achlorhydria
Raw fish diet + pernicious anemia

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Intermediate host: Hymenolepis nana

With or without

Indirect cycle: flour beetle
Rice beetle
tenebrio sp

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Final host: D. Latum

Man/dog/cat

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CN: taenia solium

Pork tapeworm

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Pathology: Dipylidium caninum

Intestinal discomfort
Epigastric pain
Diarrhea
Anal pruritus
allergic rxns

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CN: Taenia saginata

Beef tapeworm

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Mature segment: H. Nana

3 testes + 1 ovary (in straight line)

1 uterus

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Pathology: Taenia saginata

Epigastric pain
Perianal itching
Obstruction: intestine, bile duct, appendix

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Intermediate host: Dipylidium caninum

Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) 
Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
Human flea ( Pulex irritans)

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Diagnosis: raillietina garrisoni

Stool exam: ova, gravid segment

Infective stage: taenia solium

Cysticercus cellulosae ( bladderworm)

IH: H. diminuta

``` Fleas Cockroaches Beetles Earwigs Mealworms ```

Length of adult: H. Diminuta

10-60 cm

Final host: taenia solium

Man (if eggs are ingested)

Pathology: taenia solium

``` Measly pork - infected meat Intestinal infection Neurocysticercosis Verminous epilepsy Ocular epilepsy ```

of proglottids: D. Caninum

200

Final host: H. nana

Man(DH or IH)

Scolex: D. Latum

Spoon shaped Almond shaped Spatulate shaped With 2 bothria

Infective stage: D. caninum

Cysticercoid

CN Echinococcus granulosus

Hydatid worm

Diagnosis: Taenia solium

``` Stool exam: eggs/scolex/segment India ink stain CSF analysis CAT/ MRI Ophthalmoscopy Serolofy: ELISA ```

Egg: R. garrisoni

200-400 egg capsules with 1-4 spindle shaped eggs

IH: E. granulosus

``` Man (accidental) Sheep/ ox Horse Goat Camel ```

Egg: H. Diminuta

Spherical/ circular Outher shell: thick Inner shell: thin Bipolar thickenings with no polar filaments (fried egg appearance)

of proglottidsTaenia solium

800-1000 | Apolysis: in chain

Treatment: e. Granulosus

Surgical resection Albendazole PAIR intervention

Length of adult: Taenia solium

2-4 meters

IH: Taenia saginata

Cattle | Cow

Egg: E. Granulosus

Subspherical with radially striated embryophore (Taenia like egg)

Mature segment: T. Saginata

15-20 lateral branches (dichotomous or tree-like)

Infective stage: E. granulosus

Hydatid cyst | Embryonated ova

Man as accidental final host

H. Diminuta and d. Caninum

Classification

Order pseudophyllidea and Order cyclophyllidea

Egg: D. latum

Oval Operculated( inconspicuous operculum) Knoblike thickening opposite the operculum Immature

Infective stage: R. Garrisoni

Cysticercoid

MOT

Ingestion/ autoreinfection

Diagnosis: taenia saginata

Stool exam: eggs/ scolex/ segment India ink stain Perisnala swabs

Egg: H. Nana

Spherical or subspherical Outher shell: thin Inner shell: thick Bipolar thickenings arising 4-8 hairlike polar filaments

Final host: taenia saginata

Man

Effective therapy:

recovery of scolex in stool and (-) stool exam 3 mos. after treatment

Diagnosis: e. Granulosus

``` X-ray Ultrasonography Exploratory cyst puncture Immunologic test: Casoni ID test CF/BFT/IHA ```

of proglottids: r. Garrisoni

About 5000

Infective stage: d. Latum

Plerocercoid or Sparganum

Mature segment: D. latum

Highly coiled uterus (rosette uterus) Symmetrical Bilobed ovary

Mature segment: D. caninum

Bilateral genital pore | Melon shaped, Rice granule, Pumpkin

Paratenic host: D. latum

Carnivorous fish

Egg: Taenia saginata

Spherical, striated | Thick embryophore surrounding a hexacanth embryo (97 000-124 000 egger proglottid)

Scolex: taenia scolium

Globular 4 cuplike suckers ARMED: rostellum with 25-30 hooks

CN C. nana

Dwarf tapeworm

Diagnosis: D. caninum

Stool exam: eggs, scolex, proglottids | Stool exam not recommended: gravid proglottids do not disintegrate within the small intestine but in environment

Length of adult: D. Latum

3-10 meters

IH: Taenia solium

Pigs

Pathology: H. diminuta

Clinical manifestations are minimal and nonspecific

Diagnosis: H. nana

Stool exam: eggs | Proglottids not recovered bec. of degeneration prior to passage with stool

Length of adult: E. granulosus

3-6 mm

Egg: dipylidium caninum

Egg capsule with 8-15 eggs. Eggs are spherical, thin shelled with hexacanth embryo

Infective stage: H. nana

Cysticercoid Embryonated ova (Direct cycle)

CN: D. caninum

Double pored dog tapeworm

Scolex: H. Diminuta

Club or knob shaped 4 cuplike suckers UNARMED: no rostellar hooks

#of proglottids: H. Nana

175-200

Pathology: R. garrisoni

Usually asymptomatic | Man is an unsuitable host for this parasite

Infective stage: taenia saginata

Cysticercus bovis

Scolex: R. garrisoni

Subglobular: 4 cuplike suckers Armed: 90-140 hammershaped hooks

Final host: H. diminuta

Rat/man( accidental)

Man as accidental final host

H. Diminuta and D. Caninum

Of proglottids: d. Latum

Up to 4000

Final host: d. Caninum

Dog/man (accidental)

Mature segment: h. Diminuta

3 testes+ 1ovary (in straight line) | 1 uterus

Infective stage: H. Diminuta

Cysticercoid

Scolex: e. Granulosus

PYRIFORM 4 cuplike suckers ARMED: rostellum with 30-36 hooks

Length of adult: taenia saginata

4-10 meters (25m)

Man as accidental IH

E. Granulosus

Final host: e. Granulosus

Dogs

Scolex: taenia saginata

Cuboidal 4 cuplike suckers UNARMED: no rostellar hooks

Cn: r. Garrisoni

Common rat tapeworm

Mature segment r. Garrisoni

Bilobed ovary surrounded by 36-50 ovoid testes | Rice grain shape gravid proglottid

Scolex: H. Nana

Subglobular 4 cuplike suckers Armed: rostellum with 20-30 hooks

of proglottids: h. diminuta

800-1300

of proglottids: E. granulosus

3 1 immature 1 mature 1 gravid

Habitat

Small intestine

Scolex: d. caninum

Globular: 4 cuplike suckers Armed: 1-7 rows rosethorn hooklets

Autoinfection

T. solium and H. nana