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MT 639: PARA > CESTODES: ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA AND CYCLOPHYLLIDEA > Flashcards

CESTODES: ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA AND CYCLOPHYLLIDEA Flashcards

1
Q

Common Name of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Broad Fish Tapeworm

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2
Q

Habitat of Dibothriocephalus latus /
Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Small Intestine (Ileum)

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3
Q

Final Host of Dibothriocephalus latus /
Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Humans

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4
Q

1st IH of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Copepods

Cyclops (crustaceans) & Diaptomus

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5
Q

2nd IH pf Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Freshwater fish such as salmon, trout, pike, ruff, perch

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6
Q

RH & AH of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Dogs, cats, other fish-eating mammals

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7
Q

PH of D. latum

A

Carnivorous fish

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8
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum MOT

A

Ingestion of raw, undercooked, or pickled freshwater fish with plerocercoid

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9
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum IS

A

Plerocercoid

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10
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

Diagnostic Stage

A

Eggs

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11
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum egg appearance

A

Ovoid
Yellow-brown eggs
Small knob at abopercular end
Immature
Smooth
Inconspicuous operculum
Moderately thick shell
Operculated
Unembryonated

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12
Q

How many eggs does D. latum produce?

A

1,000,000 daily

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13
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum egg is mistaken for?

Provide the distinction

A

Both operculated

P. westermani: bigger, contains abopercular thickening, asymmetrical, opercular shoulder

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14
Q

Appearance of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum adult worm

A

Whitish/ milkfish
No oncosphere

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15
Q

T/F: Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum adult worm

Proglottids disintegrate only when segment has completed its reproductive function

A

T

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16
Q

Describe the scolex of Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Almond/Spoon-shaped
Spatulate
2 Bothria dorsally and ventrally

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17
Q

T/F: Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum

Its scolex have suckers, rostellum, hooks

A

F

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18
Q

Dibothriocephalus latus / Diphyllobothrium latum proglottids up to ____ segments

A

3000

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19
Q

Describe D. latum immature proglottid

A

Small and developing

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20
Q

Describe D. latum mature proglottid

A

Neutrally located uterine pore

Symetrically bilobed ovary

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21
Q

Describe D. latum gravid proglottid

A

Wider than tall
Uterus: rosette-like appearance, central, highly coiled

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22
Q

D. latum larva disease manifestation

A

Sparganosis
Proliferation to tissue, inflammation

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23
Q

D. latum adult disease manifestation

A

Diphyllobothriasis, Megaloblastic Macrocytic
Anemia
Bothriocephalus Anemia (Vitamin B12 Deficiency)
Intestinal Obstruction
Diarrhea
Abdominal Pain

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24
Q

What resembles Bothriocephalus Anemia?

A

Pernicious Anemia

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25
Large RBCs (Macrocytes) on Blood Smears
Bothriocephalus Anemia
26
D. latum Diagnosis
Stool Examination FEACT Kato-Katz Travel & History Diet Sedimentation Technique Examination of Gastric Juice for the Presence of Free Hydrochloric Acid PCR
27
D. latum Treatment
Praziquantel Niclosamide Intraduodenal Gastrografin
28
T/F It is appropriate to use Zinc Sulfate for D. latum's operculum
F; inappropriate
29
Largest and longest tapeworm in man
D. latum
30
Prolific Parasite
D. latum
31
Common name of Taenia solium
Pork Tapeworm
32
Habitat of T. solium
Small intestine
33
FH of T. solium
Humans
34
IH of T. solium
Pigs During cysticercosis: Humans
35
T. solium MOT
Ingestion of raw or undercooked pork with cysticercus cellulosae
36
IS of T. solium
Cysticercus cellulosae (Bladder cyst) Measley Pork Egg (during cysticercosis)
37
Cysticercus cellulosae is also known as
Bladder Worm
38
Dx Stage of Taenia spp.
Eggs / Proglottids
39
Appearance of Taenia spp. eggs
Indistinguishable Spheroidal Yellow-Brown Thick and radially striated shell
40
Taenia spp. oncosphere
Hexacanth Embryo (6 hooks)
41
T/F Taenia eggs are non-operculated and embryonated
T
42
T/F T. solium adult worm is shorter than T. saginata
T T. solium = 7 m T. saginata = Up to 25 m
43
T. solium Scolex Shape Suckers Rostellum and rows
Shape: Globular Suckers: 4 cup-like Rostellum: Armed - 2 rows: 25-30 hooks
44
T. solium Neck
Short, Narrow
45
T. solium proglottids
less than 1000
46
T. solium immature proglottid
Wider than tall, small and developing
47
T. solium Mature P.
Well-developed reproductive organs Square: wide and tall Ovary: trilobed Testes: smaller in number
48
T. solium Mature P. Ovary and Testes
Trilobed Ovary Smaller in number testes
49
T. solium Gravid P. Uterine Branches
5-13 Lateral Branches Finger-like/Dendritic
50
Break off from the main strobila, passed out in stool
Terminal T. solium proglottids
51
T. solium Disease Manidestation (Larva & Adult)
Larva: Cysticercosis / Neurocysticercosis (Can migrate to Brain, Lungs, Eyes) Adult: Taeniasis solium
52
T. solium Lab Diagnosis on Taeniasis
- Stool exam - Perianal Swab - FEACT - Double Slide Compression Technique: India ink through the genital pore & Carmine Dye - Immunoblot Assay - Acid Fast Staining: Ziehl Neelseen of Mature Egg (Blue-Purple)
53
T. solium Lab Diagnosis on Cysticercosis
Dot-ELISA EITB / Western Blot ELISA
54
T. solium adult treatment
Praziquantel Niclosamide
55
T. solium cysticercosis treatment
Surgical Removal / Excisional Bopsy Oral Albendazole Corticosteroids
56
Infected pork with cysticercus cellulosae
Measley Pork
57
T. saginata Common Name
Beef Tapeworm
58
T. saginata Habitat
Small Intestine
59
T. saginata FH
Humans
60
T. saginata IH
Cattles
61
T. saginata MOT
Ingestion of raw or undercooked beef with cysticercus bovis
62
T. saginata Scolex Shape Suckers Rostellum
Shape: Pyriform Suckers: 4 cup-like No Rostellum: Unarmed
63
T. saginata Proglottids
1000-2000
64
T. saginata Immature P.
Small and developing
65
T. saginata Mature P. Ovary Testes Uterus Vagina Genital Pore
Ovary: Bilobed Testes: More scattered Uterus: Median, Club-shaped Vagina: Has a sphincter Genital Pore: Irregularly alternate
66
T. saginata Uterine Branches
15-20 Tree-like appearance
67
T/F T. saginata gravid p. often crawls from the anus during the day, when the host is most active and it usually appear singly
T
68
T. saginata Larva Disease Manifestation
No cysticercosis
69
T. saginata Adult Disease Manifestation
Taeniasis saginata Pruritus ani Appendicitis Duodenitis Intestinal Obstruction Tapeworm Appetite
70
T. saginata Lab Diagnosis
Same with T. solium except no cysticercosis
71
T. saginata Treatment
Praziquantel Niclosamide
72
H. nana Common Name
Dwarf Tapeworm
73
Smallest Tapeworm that parasitizes Humans
Hymenolepis nana
74
H. nana Habitat
Small Intestine
75
H. nana FH
Humans
76
H. nana IH
Rat Flea: *Xenopsylla cheopis* Dog Flea: *Ctenocephalides canis* Human Flea: *Pulex irritans* Rice Beetle: *Tenebrio sp.* Flour Bettle: *Tribolium sp.* Moths
77
T/F H. nana has 2 AH.
F; No AH
78
H. nana MOT (Indirect and Direct)
Indirect: Ingestion of IH with Cysticercoid Larva Direct: Ingestion of eggs
79
T/F Pwedeng walang IH ang H. nana
T
80
What tapeworms cause autoinfection?
T. solium and H. nana
81
H. nana IS (Indirect & Direct)
Indirect: Cysticercoid Larva Direct: Egg
82
Dx Stage of Hymenolepis spp.
Eggs
83
H. nana egg appearance
Spheroidal Oncosphere: Thin-shelled and Thick inner membrane with conscpicuous bipolar thickenings - 4-8 Polar Filaments Colorless embryophore
84
T/F H. nana eggs are more easily seen in fresh samples or those preserved in non-PVA-based fixatives
T
85
General Cestode eggs
Hexacanth Embryo (6 hooks) Non-operculated Embryonated
86
H. nana Neck
Long & Slender
87
H. nana Scolex Shape Suckers Rostellum
Shape: Rhomboidal and Knob-like Suckers: 4 cup-like Rostellum: Short, Retractable, Armed (1 row: 20-30)
88
H. nana Proglottids
96-200
89
H. nana Immature P.
Small & Rectangular
90
H. nana Mature P. (Testes & Ovary)
3 Ovoid Testes 1 Bilobed Ovary
91
H. nana Disease Manifestation
Anorexia Pruritus of Nose and Anus Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Pallor Weight Loss Epigastric Pain
91
H. nana Gravid P.
Twice as wide as long Sac-like uterus filled with eggs
91
Hymenolepis spp. Lab Diagnosis
Stool Exam
92
H. diminuta IH
Rat Flea Cockroaches Beetles Variety of Arthropods
92
T/F H. nana life cycle: Direct and Indirect - no IH
F; Indirect requires IH
92
Hymenolepis spp., Raillietina spp., D. caninum, D. latum, Taenia spp. Treatment
Praziquantel and Niclosamide H. nana. Rail & D. caninum: Bithionol
92
H. diminuta Common Name
Rat Tapeworm
92
H. diminuta Habitat
Small Intestine
92
Smallest human tapeworm with direct life cycle
H. nana
93
H. diminuta FH
Rats
94
T/F H. diminuta IH arthropod is optional but obligatory
F; not optional
95
H. diminuta AH
Humans
96
H. diminuta MOT
Ingestion of arthropods with cysticeroid larva
97
H. diminuta IS
Cysticercoid larva
98
H. diminuta Dx Stage
Egg
98
H. diminuta egg appearance
Large Ovoid Bile-Stained Striated & Thin shelled Has bipolar thickenings but no polar filaments Fan-like Hooks Fried egg appearance
99
H. diminuta scolex
Knob-shaped 4 cup-like Suckers / Acetabula Rudimentary Unarmed Rostellum
99
T/F H. diminuta is rarely seen in human feces
T
99
H. diminuta Proglottids
80-1000
100
H. diminuta Immature P.
Elongated and rectangular
100
H. diminuta Disease Manifestation
Nausea Epigastric Pain Vomiting Anorexia Diarrhea
100
H. diminuta Mature P. (Testes & Ovary)
3 Ovoid Testes 1 Ovary
100
H. diminuta Lab Diagnosis
Stool Exam
100
H. diminuta Gravid P.
Sac-like uterus filled with eggs
100
Raillietina sp. Common Name
Common Tapeworm of Rat Madagascar Tapeworm
100
Raillietina sp. Habitat
Small Intestine
100
Raillietina sp. FH
Rats
100
Raillietina sp. IH
Flour Bettle: *Tribolium*
101
Raillietina sp. AH
Humans
102
Raillietina sp. MOT
Ingestion of cysticercoid larva
103
Raillietina sp. IS
Cysticercoid larva
103
Raillietina sp. egg Appearance
Enclosed in an outer elongated membrane and an inner spherical membrane (**1-4 spindle-shaped eggs**) **Egg capsule**: liberated from a proglottid
103
Raillietina sp. Dx Stage
Egg / Segment / Scolex
103
Raillietina sp. Mature Proglottid
**Bilobed Ovary** surrounded by **36-50 ovoid testes**
103
Raillietina sp. egg capsule is cleared with _______
Lactophenol
103
Raillietina sp. Scolex
Armed Rostellum: 2 Alternate Circular Rows - 90-140 Hammer-Shaped Hooks Several rows of spines surrounding rostellum
103
Raillietina sp. Disease
Asymptomatic
103
Raillietina sp. Immature P.
Small & Slender
103
Raillietina sp. Gravid P.
Rice grain contains 200-250 egg packets with 1-4 spindle shaped eggs
103
Raillietina sp. Lab Diagnosis
Stool Exam (Egg/Scolex)
103
Dipylidium caninum Common Name
Double Pored Tapeworm Dog Tapeworm Flea Tapeworm Cucumber Tapeworm
103
D. caninum Habitat
Small Intestine
103
D. caninum FH
Dogs & Cats
104
D. caninum IH
Dog Flea: **Ctenocephalides canis** Cat Flea: **Ctenocephalides felis** Arthropod: Obligatory IH
105
D. caninum AH
Humans
106
D. caninum MOT
Ingestion of cysticercoid larva
106
D. caninum IS
Cysticercoid larva
106
D. caninum Dx Stage
Eggs / Segment / Scolex
106
D. caninum Egg Appearance
Spherical Radially Striated Egg Packets: 8-15 eggs Ciliated Thin-shelled indiv eggs
107
D. caninum Scolex
Conical Globular Armed Rosette-like 1-7 Circlets of Spine Armed, Retractable & Conical Rostellum with 4-7 small rose thorn-shaped hooklets
107
D. caninum Immature P.
Relatively large
108
D. caninum Mature P. (Ovary & Testes)
2 Sets of Testes and Ovaries
109
D. caninum Gravid P.
Melon / Barrel / Pumpkin seed-shaped 2 Sets of Genital Pores
109
D. caninum Moist Gravid P.
Cucumber Appearance
109
D. caninum Disease
Anal Pruritus Abdominal Pain Diarrhea Allergic Reax Slight Intestinal Discomfort
109
109
D. caninum Dry Gravid P.
Rice grain
109
D. caninum Lab Diagnosis
Stool Exam (Ova / Egg Packets / Segment / Scolex)
109
E. granulosus Common Name
Hydatid Worm
109
Only parasite with 2 sets of reproductive organs and 2 sets of genital pores
D. caninum
109
E. granulosus Habitat (FH & IH)
FH: Small Intestine IH: Other parts of the body
110
E. granulosus FH
Canines (Dogs)
110
E. granulosus IH
Sheep Cattle Swine Horses Marsupials Ox Humans
111
E. granulosus AH
Humans
112
E. granulosus MOT (FH & IH)
FH: Ingestion of IH with hydatid cyst IH: Ingestion of embryonated eggs
112
E. granulosus IS
FH: Hydatid cyst IH: Embryonated egg
112
E. granulosus Dx Stage
Hydatid cyst with porotscolices
113
E. granulosus egg appearance
Indistinguishable from Taenia egg
113
E. granulosus Scolex
4 cup-like Suckers Armed Rostellum: Rosette (Double Rows: 28-40 Hooklets)
113
E. granulosus Proglottid
1 Mature 1 Immature 1 Gravid
113
Hydatid Cyst Layers outermost to innermost
Adventitial / Collagen Layer Laminated ( Hyaline) Germinal (Daughter Cysts attach) (Brood Capsule)
113
E. granulosus Mature & Gravid P.
Hydatid Cyst contained Daughter Cysts / Protoscolex / Protoscolices with Hydatid Sand & Fluid
114
E. granulosus Disease
Cystic Echinococcosis Cysticercosis of visceral organs Cystic Hydatid Disease
115
E. granulosus Lab Diagnosis
CT Scan Xray MRI Positive Serological Test Bentonite Flocculation Test Casoni Intradermal Test Ultrasonography
116
E. granulosus Treatment
DOC: Mebendazole, Albendazole Chemotherapy Surgery PAIR Percutaneous Thermal Ablation
116
Smallest Tapeworm of Dogs
E. granulosus
116
T/F Stool examination is not performed in humans because E. granulosus is found in the vital organs
T
117

MT 639: PARA (3 decks)

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