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cf Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different types of waves?

A

Types of waves include:
* Mechanical waves
* Electromagnetic waves
* Matter waves

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2
Q

How is sound generated?

A

Sound is generated by vibration

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3
Q

What mechanism allows sound to travel?

A

Sound travels through a medium

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4
Q

What is necessary for sound transmission?

A

Sound needs a medium for transmission

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5
Q

Why do we not hear all sounds?

A

Not all sounds are created at audible frequencies

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6
Q

Define infrasound and ultrasound.

A

Infrasound: Frequencies below 20 Hz
Ultrasound: Frequencies above 20 kHz

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7
Q

How do animals use infrasound and ultrasound?

A

Animals use infrasound for long-distance communication and ultrasound for navigation and hunting

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8
Q

What are some medical applications of ultrasound?

A
  • Imaging (ultrasound scans)
  • Therapeutic uses (breaking kidney stones)
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9
Q

What is noise?

A

Noise is unwanted or disturbing sounds

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10
Q

How is sound level measured?

A

Sound levels are measured in decibels (dB)

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11
Q

How can loud sounds and infrasound harm health?

A

They can cause hearing loss and stress-related health issues

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12
Q

What does noise reduction mean?

A

Noise reduction refers to minimizing unwanted sounds

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13
Q

What are sources of noise pollution?

A
  • Traffic
  • Industrial activities
  • Construction sites
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14
Q

How can noise be reduced in different environments?

A
  • Soundproofing materials
  • Urban planning
  • Noise barriers
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15
Q

Why is hearing protection important?

A

It prevents hearing loss and reduces stress

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16
Q

What are disturbing sounds?

A

Disturbing sounds are noises that disrupt normal activities and concentration

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17
Q

What is the impact of disturbing sounds?

A

They can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and decreased productivity

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18
Q

How does noise pollution affect health and daily life?

A

It can lead to stress, hearing loss, and reduced quality of life

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19
Q

What efforts can be made to reduce disturbing sounds in society?

A
  • Community awareness programs
  • Regulations on noise emissions
  • Improved urban design
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20
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the source of the wave

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21
Q

Why does sound change as it approaches and moves away?

A

It changes due to the Doppler effect

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22
Q

What are real-life uses of the Doppler effect in medicine?

A

Used in ultrasound imaging to measure blood flow

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23
Q

What happens when sound hits a hard surface?

A

It reflects, creating echoes

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24
Q

How does sound reflection affect rooms and buildings?

A

It can influence acoustics and sound quality

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25
How does sonar use reflected sound?
Sonar uses reflected sound to measure distance underwater
26
What do microphones do?
Microphones convert sound into electrical signals
27
What do speakers do?
Speakers turn electrical signals back into sound
28
How has sound been recorded and stored throughout history?
* Phonographs * Magnetic tapes * Digital formats
29
Fill in the blank: The speed of sound can be calculated using _______.
[speed, distance, and time]
30
What is light?
Light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye
31
How does light travel?
Light travels in straight lines
32
What is the difference between light sources and reflectors?
Light sources emit light, while reflectors bounce light
33
How do we see objects and colors?
Objects reflect light, and colors are perceived based on the wavelengths reflected
34
How do prisms split light?
Prisms split light into a spectrum through refraction
35
What do Polaroid glasses do?
They filter light waves to reduce glare
36
What are infrared, ultraviolet, microwave, gamma rays, and X-rays?
* Infrared: Heat radiation * Ultraviolet: Causes sunburn * Microwave: Used in cooking * Gamma rays: Used in cancer treatment * X-rays: Used for imaging
37
What are the dangers of UV and gamma radiation?
They can cause skin cancer and other health issues
38
What is a laser?
A laser is a device that emits light through optical amplification
39
What is the law of reflection?
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
40
How are mirror images formed?
Mirror images are formed by reflection of light
41
What is the concept of invisibility through light?
Invisibility can be theorized through bending light around an object
42
What is a longitudinal wave?
A longitudinal wave is a type of wave in which the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave's motion. ## Footnote Sound waves in air are a common example.
43
What is a transverse wave?
A transverse wave is a type of wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave's motion. ## Footnote Light waves are an example.
44
How is sound generated?
Sound is created when something vibrates. ## Footnote For example, when a guitar string is plucked, it vibrates and pushes air particles, creating sound waves.
45
How does sound travel?
Sound travels through vibrations. When an object vibrates, it moves air particles that carry the sound waves to our ears.
46
Does sound need a medium for transmission?
Yes, sound needs a medium like air, water, or solid materials to travel through.
47
Why do we not hear all sounds?
Not all sounds are heard because humans can only hear a specific range of frequencies (about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz).
48
What is infrasound?
Infrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies lower than 20 Hz, which are too low for humans to hear. ## Footnote It can be used in earthquake detection.
49
What is ultrasound?
Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz, which are too high for humans to hear. ## Footnote It’s used in medical imaging, like pregnancy scans.
50
How do animals use infrasound?
Animals like elephants use infrasound to communicate over long distances.
51
How do bats and dolphins use ultrasound?
Bats and dolphins use ultrasound for echolocation to find prey and navigate.
52
What are medical applications of ultrasound?
Ultrasound is used to view inside the body, such as during pregnancy scans.
53
What is noise?
Noise is an unwanted sound that can be annoying or harmful.
54
How is sound level measured?
The loudness of sound is measured in decibels (dB) using a sound level meter.
55
How can loud sounds harm health?
Loud sounds (over 85 dB) can cause hearing loss or damage.
56
What is noise reduction?
Noise reduction is the process of reducing unwanted sound, such as using soundproof materials.
57
What are sources of noise pollution?
Sources include traffic, construction sites, loud music, and machinery.
58
How can noise be reduced in homes?
Noise can be reduced in homes by using carpets, curtains, and double-glazed windows.
59
What is the importance of hearing protection?
Protecting our ears from loud sounds is important to prevent hearing loss.
60
What are disturbing sounds?
Disturbing sounds are noises that cause discomfort, like loud traffic or a crying baby.
61
How does noise pollution affect health?
Long-term exposure to noise pollution can lead to hearing problems, high blood pressure, and sleep disruption.
62
What is the Doppler effect?
The Doppler effect happens when a sound source moves towards or away from you, affecting the pitch of the sound.
63
How is the Doppler effect used in medicine?
In medical imaging, the Doppler effect is used in ultrasound to measure blood flow.
64
How are echoes formed?
When sound waves hit a hard surface, they bounce back as an echo.
65
How does sound reflection affect room acoustics?
In a room, sound reflects off walls and can cause echoes, which architects consider when designing spaces.
66
What is sonar?
Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) sends out sound waves and measures the time it takes for them to bounce back from an object.
67
How do microphones and speakers work?
Microphones convert sound into electrical signals, while speakers convert electrical signals back into sound.
68
What are early methods of sound recording?
Early methods included using phonographs, records, tapes, CDs, and now digital files like MP3s.
69
What is the speed of sound calculation?
Speed of sound = Distance ÷ Time. In air, the speed of sound is about 343 meters per second (m/s).
70
What is light?
Light is a form of energy that travels in waves and can travel through space (a vacuum).
71
What are light sources?
Light sources are objects that produce their own light, like the Sun or a lamp.
72
What are reflectors?
Reflectors are objects that reflect light from a source, like a mirror or the moon.
73
How do we see colors?
We see objects because they reflect light into our eyes, and the color depends on which wavelengths are reflected.
74
How do prisms work?
A prism splits white light into a rainbow of colors because different colors bend by different amounts.
75
What do Polaroid glasses do?
Polaroid glasses filter out certain light waves, reducing glare from surfaces.
76
What is infrared radiation?
Infrared is heat energy used in night vision and remote controls.
77
What is ultraviolet radiation?
Ultraviolet is used for sterilizing equipment and in tanning.
78
What are microwaves used for?
Microwaves are used in cooking and communication.
79
What are gamma rays?
Gamma rays are used in cancer treatment and in radioactive materials.
80
What are X-rays used for?
X-rays are used in medical imaging to view inside the body.
81
What are the dangers of UV radiation?
UV radiation can cause skin cancer and eye damage.
82
What is a laser?
A laser is a device that emits light through stimulated emission, producing intense, focused light.
83
How does light travel?
Light travels in straight lines, known as rectilinear propagation.
84
What is the law of reflection?
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
85
How are mirror images formed?
Mirror images are formed when light bounces off the mirror and our brain interprets the reflected rays.
86
What is invisibility through light?
Invisibility could occur if light bends around an object without being reflected or absorbed.

physics (3 decks)

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